Awareness, expectation and satisfaction towards ward pharmacy services among patients in medical wards: a multi-centre study in Perak, Malaysia

Table 3 Multiple linear regression for significant factors associated with awareness, expectation and satisfaction (n = 441)

Variable	Coefficient (β)	Standard error	T	P
Awareness on ward pharmacy services	R² = 0.156
Elderly (vs. Non elderly)	−2.82	0.79	−3.548	< 0.001
Tertiary (vs. Primary or below)	3.87	1.19	3.242	0.001
Rural (vs. Urban)	3.65	0.78	4.705	< 0.001
Good adherence (vs. poor or moderate adherence)	2.55	0.80	3.186	0.002
Expectation on ward pharmacy services	R² = 0.069
Tertiary (vs. Primary or below)	1.86	0.82	2.267	0.024
Rural (vs. Urban)	1.79	0.53	3.409	0.001
Good adherence (vs. poor or moderate adherence)	1.48	0.54	2.754	0.006
Satisfaction on ward pharmacy services	R² = 0.080
Elderly (vs. non elderly)	−1.17	0.54	−2.170	0.031
Tertiary (vs. Primary or below)	2.16	0.82	2.642	0.009
Rural (vs. Urban)	1.82	0.53	3.422	0.001
Good adherence (vs. poor or moderate adherence)	1.44	0.55	2.614	0.009

Notes: Backward multiple linear regression analysis. Multicollinearity and interaction term were checked and not found (tolerance < 1.00 and VIF < 10). Linear relationship between the independent and outcome variable was checked using scatter plot of residuals. Normality of response variable was checked using histogram and box-plot of residuals. Model assumptions are fulfilled

ISSN: 1472-6963