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Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of participants with and without a mental health disorder diagnosis

From: Conventional and complementary health care use and out-of-pocket expenses among Australians with a self-reported mental health diagnosis: a cross-sectional survey

Sociodemographic show characteristic

Any mental health disorder

n (%)

Anxiety disorder

n (%)

Mood disorder

n (%)

Other mental health disorder

n (%)

No

(n = 1378)

Yes

(n = 641)

P-value

(Cramer’s V)

No

(n = 1617)

Yes

(n = 402)

P-value

(Cramer’s V)

No

(n = 1632)

Yes

(n = 387)

P-value

(Cramer’s V)

No

(n = 1647)

Yes

(n = 372)

P-value

(Cramer’s V)

Gender

  

< 0.001*

(0.14)

  

< 0.001*

(0.18)

  

< 0.001*

(0.15)

  

0.042*

(0.05)

 Female

639 (46.4)

395 (61.7)

 

758 (46.9)

276 (68.8)

 

778 (47.7)

256 (66.3)

 

826 (50.2)

208 (56.1)

 

 Male

737 (53.6)

245 (38.3)

 

857 (53.1)

125 (31.2)

 

852 (52.3)

130 (33.7)

 

819 (49.8)

163 (43.9)

 

Age (years)

  

0.026*

(0.07)

  

< 0.001*

(0.15)

  

0.005*

(0.09)

  

0.210

 18–29

348 (25.3)

164 (25.6)

 

388 (24)

124 (30.8)

 

414 (25.4)

98 (25.3)

 

419 (25.4)

93 (25)

 

 30–39

205 (14.9)

108 (16.8)

 

242 (15)

71 (17.7)

 

246 (15.1)

67 (17.3)

 

246 (14.9)

67 (18)

 

 40–49

235 (17.1)

127 (19.8)

 

268 (16.6)

94 (23.4)

 

287 (17.6)

75 (19.4)

 

289 (17.5)

73 (19.6)

 

 50–59

202 (14.7)

104 (16.2)

 

251 (15.5)

55 (13.7)

 

233 (14.3)

73 (18.9)

 

248 (15.1)

58 (15.6)

 

 60 and over

388 (28.2)

138 (21.5)

 

468 (28.9)

58 (14.4)

 

452 (27.7)

74 (19.1)

 

445 (27)

81 (21.8)

 

ARIA+

  

0.007*

(0.07)

  

0.020*

(0.06)

  

0.018*

(0.06)

  

0.101

 Major cities

1027 (74.5)

445 (69.4)

 

1197 (74.0)

275 (68.4)

 

1211 (74.2)

261 (67.4)

 

1217 (73.9)

255 (68.5)

 

 Inner regional

227 (16.5)

143 (22.3)

 

277 (17.1)

93 (23.1)

 

281 (17.2)

89 (23)

 

289 (17.5)

81 (21.8)

 

 Outer regional/remote

124 (9)

53 (8.3)

 

143 (8.8)

34 (8.5)

 

140 (8.6)

37 (9.6)

 

141 (8.6)

36 (1.8)

 

State/Territory

  

0.613

  

0.344

  

0.924

  

0.427

 ACT

18 (1.3)

11 (1.7)

 

19 (1.2)

10 (2.5)

 

22 (1.3)

7 (1.8)

 

24 (1.5)

5 (1.3)

 

 New South Wales

416 (30.2)

181 (28.2)

 

485 (30)

112 (27.9)

 

483 (29.6)

114 (29.5)

 

494 (30)

103 (27.7)

 

 Northern Territory

3 (0.2)

2 (0.3)

 

3 (0.2)

2 (0.5)

 

3 (0.2)

2 (0.5)

 

3 (0.2)

2 (0.5)

 

 Queensland

313 (22.7)

151 (23.6)

 

366 (22.6)

98 (24.4)

 

373 (22.9)

91 (23.5)

 

380 (23.1)

84 (22.6)

 

 South Australia

131 (9.5)

57 (8.9)

 

146 (9)

42 (10.4)

 

151 (9.3)

37 (9.6)

 

147 (8.9)

41 (11)

 

 Tasmania

33 (2.4)

16 (2.5)

 

40 (2.5)

9 (2.2)

 

40 (2.5)

9 (2.3)

 

42 (2.6)

7 (1.9)

 

 Victoria

319 (23.1)

169 (26.4)

 

393 (24.3)

95 (23.6)

 

395 (24.2)

93 (24)

 

388 (23.6)

100 (26.9)

 

 Western Australia

145 (10.5)

54 (8.4)

 

165 (10.2)

34 (8.5)

 

165 (10.1)

34 (8.8)

 

169 (10.3)

30 (8.1)

 

Employment status

  

< 0.001*

(0.18)

  

< 0.001*

(0.15)

  

< 0.001*

(0.16)

  

< 0.001*

(0.12)

 Full time work

502 (36.4)

137 (21.4)

 

555 (34.3)

84 (20.9)

 

565 (34.6)

74 (19.1)

 

558 (33.9)

81 (21.8)

 

 Part time work

266 (19.3)

104 (16.2)

 

303 (18.7)

67 (16.7)

 

314 (19.2)

56 (14.5)

 

311 (18.9)

59 (15.9)

 

 Casual work

84 (6.1)

55 (8.6)

 

95 (5.9)

44 (10.9)

 

107 (6.6)

32 (8.3)

 

112 (6.8)

27 (7.3)

 

 Looking for work

109 (7.9)

76 (11.9)

 

130 (8)

55 (13.7)

 

139 (8.5)

46 (11.9)

 

142 (8.6)

43 (11.6)

 

 Not in paid workforce

417 (30.3)

269 (42)

 

534 (33)

152 (37.8)

 

507 (31.1)

179 (46.3)

 

524 (31.8)

162 (43.5)

 

Marital status

  

< 0.001*

(0.16)

  

< 0.001*

(0.15)

  

< 0.001*

(0.16)

  

< 0.001*

(0.15)

 Never married

385 (27.9)

199 (31)

 

434 (26.8)

150 (37.3)

 

459 (28.1)

125 (32.3)

 

464 (28.2)

120 (32.3)

 

 Married

652 (47.3)

212 (33.1)

 

752 (46.5)

112 (27.9)

 

755 (46.3)

109 (28.2)

 

756 (45.9)

108 (29)

 

 De facto (Opposite sex)

144 (10.4)

76 (11.9)

 

171 (10.6)

49 (12.2)

 

167 (10.2)

53 (13.7)

 

169 (10.3)

51 (13.7)

 

 De facto (Same sex)

21 (1.5)

8 (1.2)

 

21 (1.3)

8 (2)

 

24 (1.5)

5 (1.3)

 

24 (1.5)

5 (1.3)

 

 Separated/Divorced/Widowed

176 (12.8)

146 (22.8)

 

239 (14.8)

83 (20.6)

 

227 (13.9)

95 (24.5)

 

234 (14.2)

88 (23.7)

 

Highest qualification

  

< 0.001*

(0.10)

  

0.022*

(0.07)

  

0.001*

(0.09)

  

0.022*

(0.07)

 Less than year 12

211 (15.3)

116 (18.1)

 

260 (16.1)

67 (16.7)

 

251 (15.4)

76 (19.6)

 

257 (15.6)

70 (18.8)

 

 Year 12 or equivalent

290 (21)

131 (20.4)

 

336 (20.8)

85 (21.1)

 

341 (20.9)

80 (20.7)

 

347 (21.1)

74 (19.9)

 

 Apprenticeship/ certificate/diploma

437 (31.7)

245 (38.2)

 

526 (32.5)

156 (38.8)

 

534 (32.7)

148 (38.2)

 

541 (32.8)

141 (37.9)

 

 University degree

440 (31.9)

149 (23.2)

 

495 (30.6)

94 (23.4)

 

506 (31)

83 (21.4)

 

502 (30.5)

87 (23.4)

 

Financial manageability

  

< 0.001*

(0.25)

  

< 0.001*

(0.23)

  

< 0.001*

(0.25)

  

< 0.001*

(0.22)

 It is difficult all of the time

206 (14.9)

224 (34.9)

 

275 (17)

155 (38.6)

 

273 (16.7)

157 (40.6)

 

286 (17.4)

144 (38.7)

 

 It is difficult some of the time

522 (37.9)

244 (38.1)

 

611 (37.8)

155 (38.6)

 

625 (38.3)

141 (36.4)

 

627 (38.1)

139 (37.4)

 

 It is not too bad

548 (39.8)

152 (23.7)

 

618 (38.2)

82 (20.4)

 

619 (37.9)

81 (20.9)

 

620 (37.6)

80 (21.5)

 

 It is easy

102 (7.4)

21 (3.3)

 

113 (7)

10 (2.5)

 

115 (7)

8 (2.1)

 

114 (6.9)

9 (2.4)

 

Health care card

  

< 0.001*

(0.10)

  

0.001* (0.07)

  

< 0.001*

(0.08)

  

< 0.001*

(0.11)

 Yes

621 (45.1)

218 (34)

 

701 (43.4)

138 (34.3)

 

710 (43.5)

129 (33.3)

 

726 (44.1)

113 (30.4)

 

 No

   

916 (56.6)

264 (65.7)

       

Private health insurance

  

< 0.001*

(0.11)

  

< 0.001*

(0.12)

  

< 0.001*

(0.12)

  

< 0.001*

(0.08)

 Yes

650 (47.2)

378 (18.7)

 

777 (48.1)

251 (62.4)

 

785 (48.1)

243 (62.8)

 

807 (49)

221 (59.4)

 

 No

728 (52.8)

263 (41)

 

840 (51.9)

151 (37.6)

 

847 (51.9)

144 (37.2)

 

840 (51)

151 (40.6)

 
  1. Note. *p < .05. The Australian health care card is a concession card providing discounted medicines and services to eligible low income patients and is funded by the Australian Federal Government. ARIA is the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia supported and utilised by the Commonwealth Dept of Health and the Australian Bureau of Statistics. ACT is the Australian Capital Territory
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