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Table 3 Characteristics of implementation activities

From: Complexity and involvement as implementation challenges: results from a process analysis

  1. a Stepped-wedge design with three groups of three hospitals each, and four steps in which “C” represents the Control situation and “I” the Intervention phase
  2. b Co-interventions additional to IMPROVE
  3. c Hospitals’ involvement in the IMPROVE-implementation programme. For the five standard activities, hospitals could receive 0 to 2 points per activity or 3 points in case of the audit & feedback activity based on their involvement per activity. The overall involvement rating score (total accumulated score) per hospital thus ranged from 0 to 11. We considered 0–3 points as unsatisfactory involvement, 4–7 points moderate and 8–11 points as satisfactory involvement
  4. d The five standard activities of the implementation programme
  5. e T2 = measurement at T2. In total, there were four measurements (T0-T3). T0 is the baseline measurement (no hospital received the intervention), T1 is the second measurement (when three hospitals received interventions), T2 is the third measurement (when six hospitals received interventions), and T3 is the final measurement (when all nine hospitals received interventions)