Table 2 Summary statistics of TSC survey questions at pre-embedded and post-embedded stage

Q1 Nurse input is well received in this clinical area

4.31 (1.13)

5 (1)

4.43 (1.04)

5 (1)

▲ 2.68%

Q2 In this clinical area, it is difficult to speak up if I perceive a problem with patient care

3.84 (1.45)

4 (2)

4.01 (1.36)

5 (1)

▲ 4.39%

Q3 Decision-making in this clinical area utilises input from relevant personnel.

4.11 (1.22)

5 (1)

4.23 (1.15)

5 (1)

▲ 2.97%

Q4 The doctors and nurses here work together as a well-coordinated team

4.17 (1.16)

5 (1)

4.26 (1.12)

5 (1)

▲ 2.21%

Q5 Disagreements in this clinical area are resolved appropriately (i.e., not who is right, but what is best for the patient)

4.01 (1.27)

4 (2)

4.1 (1.24)

5 (1)

▲ 2.29%

Q6 I am frequently unable to express disagreement with the medical staff here

3.5 (1.5)

4 (2)

3.63 (1.5)

4 (2)

▲ 3.83%

Q7 It is easy for personnel here to ask questions when there is something that they do not understand.

4.37 (1.08)

5 (1)

4.45 (1.04)

5 (1)

▲ 1.88%

Q8 I have the support I need from other personnel to care for patients

4.12 (1.3)

5 (1)

4.33 (1.18)

5 (1)

▲ 5.13%

Q9 I know the first and last names of all the personnel I worked with during my last shift

3.69 (1.51)

4 (3)

3.77 (1.45)

4 (2)

▲ 2.14%

Q10 Important issues are well communicated at shift changes’

3.93 (1.45)

4 (1)

4.14 (1.31)

5 (1)

▲ 5.39%

Q11 Briefing personnel before the start of a shift (i.e. to plan for possible contingencies) is important for patient safety

4.42 (1.25)

5 (1)

4.56 (1.12)

5 (0)

▲ 3.04%

Q12 Briefings are common in this clinical area

4.1 (1.28)

5 (1)

4.38 (1.11)

5 (1)

▲ 6.85%

Q13 I am satisfied with the quality of collaboration that I experience with medical staff in this clinical area

4.03 (1.19)

4 (1)

4.13 (1.2)

5 (1)

▲ 2.59%

Q14 I am satisfied with the quality of collaboration that I experience with nurses in this clinical area

4.28 (1.09)

5 (1)

4.4 (1.06)

5 (1)

▲ 2.86%

Q15 The levels of staffing in this clinical area are sufficient to handle the number of patients

2.57 (1.45)

2 (3)

2.69 (1.45)

2 (3)

▲ 4.82%

Q16 I would feel safe being treated here as a patient

3.8 (1.3)

4 (2)

3.93 (1.26)

4 (2)

▲ 3.56%

Q17 I am encouraged by my colleagues to report any patient’s safety concerns I might have

4.35 (1.1)

5 (1)

4.47 (0.99)

5 (1)

▲ 2.77%

Q18 Personnel frequently disregard rules or guidelines (e.g. hand washing, treatment protocols/clinical pathways, sterile fluid, etc.) that are established for this clinical area.

3.7 (1.54)

4 (2)

3.74 (1.5)

4 (2)

▲ 0.97%

Q19 The culture in this clinical area makes it easy to learn from the errors of others

3.67 (1.33)

4 (2)

3.92 (1.24)

4 (2)

▲ 7.05%

Q20 I received appropriate feedback about my performance

3.71 (1.39)

4 (2)

3.82 (1.35)

4 (2)

▲ 3.18%

Q21 Medical errors are handled appropriately here.

3.92 (1.41)

4 (2)

3.98 (1.43)

5 (2)

▲ 1.52%

Q22 I know the proper channels to direct questions regarding patient safety in this clinical area

4.32 (1.02)

5 (1)

4.43 (0.95)

5 (1)

▲ 2.48%

Q23 In this clinical area, it’s difficult to discuss errors

3.72 (1.34)

4 (2)

3.84 (1.32)

4 (2)

▲ 3.12%

Q24 Hospital management does not knowingly compromise the safety of patients

3.22 (1.48)

3 (3)

3.21 (1.49)

3 (3)

▼ 0.21%

Q25 This organisation is doing more for patient safety now, than it did one year ago

3.37 (1.59)

4 (2)

3.49 (1.54)

4 (2)

▲ 3.67%

Q26 Leadership is driving us to be a safety-centred organisation

3.79 (1.23)

4 (2)

3.86 (1.22)

4 (2)

▲ 1.82%

Q27 My suggestions about safety would be acted upon if I expressed them to management

3.69 (1.28)

4 (2)

3.77 (1.29)

4 (2)

▲ 2.26%

Q28 Please give your unit an overall grade on patient safety

3.81 (0.89)

4 (1)

4.03 (0.84)

4 (1)

▲ 5.82%