Level | Characteristics | Antenatal care content quality score (in categories) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR | p -value | Adjusted OR | p -value | ||
1 | Age (years) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
≤19 | 1 | 1 | |||
20–29 | 1.36 (1.15–1.62) | 1.32 (1.09–1.60) | |||
30–39 | 1.51 (1.26–1.80) | 1.55 (1.24–1.94) | |||
≥40 | 1.21 (0.85–1.73) | 1.34 (0.91–1.96) | |||
Maternal education (complete years of schooling) | < 0.001 | 0.018 | |||
0–4 | 0.66 (0.53–0.82) | 0.79 (0.61–1.02) | |||
5–8 | 0.76 (0.66–0.89) | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | |||
9–11 | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | |||
12 + | 1 | 1 | |||
Marital status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
Without partner | 0.54 (0.46–0.65) | 0.57 (0.48–0.68) | |||
With partner | 1 | 1 | |||
Skin color | 0.025 | 0.167 | |||
White | 1 | 1 | |||
Black/brown | 0.89 (0.78–1.01) | 1.00 (0.87–1.14) | |||
Other | 0.48 (0.24–0.94) | 0.51 (0.87–1.02) | |||
Family income (quintiles)a | 0.066 | 0.290 | |||
Lowest/first | 0.77 (0.64–0.92) | 1.08 (0.87–1.34) | |||
Second | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 1.15 (0.94–1.41) | |||
Third | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) | |||
Fourth | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | |||
Highest/fifth | 1 | 1 | |||
Parity | 0.008 | < 0.001 | |||
Primiparous | 1 | 1 | |||
≥ 2 children | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | 0.77 (0.67–0.88) | |||
2 | Diseases during pregnancy (high blood pressure and/or diabetes) | 0.731 | – | – | |
Yes | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | – | |||
No | 1 | – | |||
Smoking during pregnancy | < 0.001 | 0.098 | |||
Yes | 0.74 (0.63–0.87) | 0.86 (0.72–1.02) | |||
No | 1 | 1 | |||
Alcohol use during pregnancy | 0.013 | 0.181 | |||
Yes | 0.76 (0.61–0.94) | 0.86 (0.68–1.07) | |||
No | 1 | 1 | |||
3 | Type of health care provider | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Private | 1 | 1 | |||
Public | 1.29 (1.13–1.47) | 1.49 (1.27–1.76) | |||
The same professional performed the ANC | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 1 | 1 | |||
No | 1.37 (1.22–153) | 1.58 (1.37–1.81) |