Fig. 1

Spatial distribution of the Index of Spatial Accessibility at the French Geographic Code level. a Index of Spatial Accessibility for Medical, Surgical and Obstetrics (MCO) and b Post-operative and Rehabilitation Care (SSR) centers. For each map, the French neighboring administrative regions are colored in green, whereas the Nord administrative region is represented using a graduated color approach, to highlight the different ISA scores. Maps drawn by Fei GAO