Table 3 Mean zero-centered utility value (and standard error) for each level of each attribute, for the service provider sample as a whole

Core health services

Only mental health counseling

−73.66 (0.63)

Mental health and substance misuse counseling

10.30 (0.69)

Mental health and substance misuse counseling, and medication management

13.32 (0.51)

Mental health and substance misuse counseling, medication management, and physical/sexual health

50.04 (0.52)

Other health services

Education and employment services

−23.57 (0.73)

Housing, shelter and income support services

15.85 (0.56)

Legal support services

−57.56 (0.80)

Choice of education, employment, housing, income support, and legal support services

65.29 (1.07)

Peer support

Recreational activities led by a trained peer support worker

−11.52 (0.33)

Youth can talk to trained peer support worker, upon request

−4.99 (0.17)

Mental health groups run solely by a trained peer support worker

−18.20 (0.48)

Youth can be matched to an ongoing trained peer support worker to learn life skills and help them with services they need

34.70 (0.28)

Wait times

See a counselor for the first time immediately, during office hours

56.47 (0.93)

See a counselor for the first time after about 72 h

35.95 (0.22)

See a counselor for the first time after about 1 month

−38.21 (0.53)

See a counselor for the first time after more than 1 month

− 54.21 (0.21)

Cultural sensitivity

Cultural background is not considered when picking a service or service provider

−75.31 (1.04)

Youth can ask for a service provider with a certain cultural background, when available

5.88 (0.25)

Services are culturally sensitive and trauma informed

58.11 (0.87)

Culturally-based services are available for cultures common in the local area

11.32 (0.16)

E-health services

No e-health services

−57.65 (0.30)

Youth can schedule or reschedule appointments via email, text or online

37.76 (0.25)

E-health services are offered 24/7 alongside in-person services during office hours

60.88 (0.88)

All services are delivered only through a website, e-mail, text, or phone app

−40.99 (0.50)

Time of appointments

Monday to Friday, 9 AM-5 PM

−43.12 (0.95)

Monday to Friday, 9 AM-9 PM

−1.28 (0.57)

Monday to Friday, 9 AM-9 PM, and Saturday, 9 AM-5 PM

30.00 (0.62)

24/7

14.40 (0.66)

Location

Building or office in the community that specializes in mental health services

42.27 (0.65)

Youth café and recreation centre

43.71 (0.59)

Hospital or doctor’s office

−59.40 (0.41)

School setting

−26.58 (0.69)

Caregiver involvement

No caregiver involvement

−85.57 (2.09)

Caregivers receive own counseling

18.28 (0.47)

Caregivers are involved in family counseling with youth, with youth consent

45.20 (0.70)

Caregivers are involved in decisions regarding youth counseling, with youth consent

22.09 (0.92)

Information sharing with caregivers

No sharing of personal information with caregivers

−65.50 (2.10)

All personal information is available to caregivers, with youth consent

−1.99 (0.87)

Service provider decides what information to share with caregivers, with youth consent

0.83 (1.02)

Youth and service provider work together to decide what personal information to share with caregivers and how that can be helpful

66.67 (0.60)

Engagement

Youth and caregivers give feedback, e.g., anonymous surveys

−11.36 (0.35)

Youth and caregivers are on staff at the organization

−19.27 (0.13)

Youth and caregivers are on an advisory group that gives feedback on services and evaluation

25.45 (0.37)

Youth and caregivers play a leadership role in making decisions for the organization

5.18 (0.37)

Age range

Services for ages 12–24, in a youth-only setting

7.69 (0.38)

Services for ages 12–29, in a youth-only setting

12.32 (0.29)

Services for ages 12–24, in a setting that also has services for children 0–12

−14.39 (0.46)

Services for ages 12–29, in a setting that also has services for adults 29+

−5.62 (1.03)