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Table 2 Modified Poisson Regression Results of Health Care Use among New Medicaid Enrollees Pre-COVID and New Enrollees During COVID, North Carolina

From: Comparing health care use and costs among new Medicaid enrollees before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

Any ED

Any

Nonemergent ED

Any Potentially-

avoidable Hospitalization

Any Primary care

Any Dental

Covariate

RR

(95 % CI)

RR

(95 % CI)

RR

(95 % CI)

RR

(95 % CI)

RR

(95 % CI)

Enrollment Month

 January

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 February

1.01

(0.96–1.05)

1.01

(0.92–1.12)

0.87

(0.71–1.07)

1.04*

(1.01–1.07)

1.06

(0.95–1.18)

 March

0.78***

(0.74–0.81)

0.77***

(0.70–0.84)

0.73**

(0.61–0.88)

0.82***

(0.80–0.85)

0.73***

(0.66–0.81)

 April

0.90***

(0.86–0.94)

0.92

(0.84–1.01)

0.76**

(0.62–0.93)

0.94***

(0.92–0.97)

0.91

(0.82–1.02)

 May

0.95*

(0.91–0.99)

0.92

(0.84–1.02)

0.91

(0.75–1.10)

0.95**

(0.93–0.98)

0.88*

(0.79–0.98)

 June

0.93**

(0.89–0.97)

0.98

(0.89–1.07)

0.79*

(0.65–0.97)

0.94***

(0.91–0.97)

1.05

(0.95–1.16)

 July

0.89***

(0.85–0.94)

0.90*

(0.82–0.99)

0.82

(0.66-1.00)

0.91***

(0.88–0.94)

0.96

(0.86–1.07)

 August

0.85***

(0.81–0.89)

0.88**

(0.80–0.97)

0.86

(0.70–1.05)

0.88***

(0.86–0.91)

0.90

(0.81–1.01)

 September

0.93**

(0.89–0.98)

0.93

(0.84–1.03)

0.77*

(0.61–0.95)

1.01

(0.98–1.04)

1.13*

(1.02–1.27)

 October

0.89***

(0.85–0.93)

0.90*

(0.81–0.99)

0.70

(0.56–0.88)

0.98

(0.95–1.01)

0.99

(0.88–1.11)

 November

0.79***

(0.75–0.84)

0.79***

(0.71–0.88)

0.87

(0.70–1.08)

0.84***

(0.81–0.87)

0.76***

(0.67–0.86)

 December

0.95

(0.90-1.00)

0.87*

(0.77–0.97)

0.90

(0.71–1.14)

0.92***

(0.89–0.96)

0.98

(0.86–1.12)

Enrolled During COVID

0.54***

(0.52–0.57)

0.48***

(0.44–0.52)

0.48***

(0.40–0.57)

0.66***

(0.64–0.67)

0.64***

(0.59–0.70)

Age at enrollment

 18–25

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 26–35

0.84***

(0.82–0.86)

0.91***

(0.86–0.96)

1.18*

(1.00-1.38)

0.92***

(0.90–0.93)

1.01

(0.95–1.08)

 36–45

0.76***

(0.73–0.78)

0.86***

(0.81–0.92)

1.75***

(1.49–2.05)

0.71***

(0.69–0.72)

0.98

(0.91–1.05)

 46–55

0.66***

(0.64–0.69)

0.80***

(0.74–0.85)

2.01***

(1.71–2.37)

0.58***

(0.56–0.60)

0.64***

(0.58–0.70)

 56–65

0.59***

(0.57–0.61)

0.71***

(0.65–0.76)

1.79***

(1.51–2.12)

0.62***

(0.61–0.64)

0.50***

(0.45–0.55)

 65+

0.29***

(0.28–0.31)

0.36***

(0.32–0.40)

1.09

(0.89–1.33)

0.42***

(0.41–0.44)

0.54***

(0.49–0.59)

Race

 White

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Black

1.21***

(1.18–1.23)

1.37***

(1.31–1.43)

1.31***

(1.19–1.44)

0.89***

(0.88–0.91)

1.14***

(1.08–1.20)

 Multiple/Other

0.67***

(0.64–0.71)

0.65***

(0.58–0.73)

0.58***

(0.45–0.75)

0.74***

(0.71–0.76)

0.72***

(0.64–0.80)

 Unknown

0.52***

(0.44–0.61)

0.77*

(0.59-1.00)

0.69

(0.41–1.17)

0.55***

(0.50–0.61)

0.83

(0.60–1.14)

Ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Hispanic

0.97

(0.94–1.01)

0.75***

(0.70–0.81)

0.98

(0.84–1.15)

1.81***

(1.78–1.84)

0.76***

(0.71–0.83)

 Unknown

1.47***

(1.39–1.55)

1.82***

(1.65–2.01)

2.20***

(1.83–2.64)

1.49***

(1.43–1.55)

1.05

(0.90–1.22)

 Live in a rural county

1.22***

(1.19–1.24)

1.19***

(1.14–1.24)

1.23***

(1.11–1.35)

1.11***

(1.09–1.12)

1.13***

(1.07–1.19)

 Female

1.16***

(1.13–1.19)

1.13***

(1.08–1.18)

0.69***

(0.63–0.75)

1.81***

(1.78–1.85)

1.07**

(1.02–1.13)

 

N = 360,508

 N = 360,508

 N = 360,508

 N = 360,508

 N = 360.508

  1. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001