Table 2 Comparison of the number of hospitalizations, by fortnight and hospital mortality by frequent primary diagnoses in hospitalizations in the Unified Health System in six Brazilian capitals, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, 24/02/2019 to 05/09/2020

Contraceptive

(Z30)

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

462.7 (83.0)

99.4 (13.8)

23.0 (8.6)

31.3 (7.5)

121.6 (21.2)

50.7 (11.6)

Pandemic

114.6 (117.3)

59.1 (22.8)

15.4 (11.7)

23.4 (6.5)

54.0 (28.5)

29.4 (15.6)

T-Test (p-value)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0259

0.0017

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Mortality

(%)

Before

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

Pandemic

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

1.0000

–

–

1.0000

–

–

Septicemia

(A40, A41)

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

408.5 (29.1)

147.8 (22.2)

50.7 (9.1)

70.2 (9.2)

94.0 (16.7)

64.8 (10.9)

Pandemic

306.1 (55.4)

107.1 (24.4)

37.1 (18.7)

54.6 (20.6)

59.5 (12.2)

55.3 (14.2)

T-Test (p-value)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0205

0.0161

< 0.0001

0.0223

Mortality

(%)

Before

59.2

75.7

69.1

62.1

56.3

36.2

Pandemic

61.7

76.4

71.5

58.0

51.3

26.1

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

0.0045

0.6183

0.3377

0.0521

0.0124

< 0.0001

Cholelithiasis

(K80) and Cholecystitis (K81)

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

538.7 (48.4)

206.8 (30.7)

171.2 (18.2)

151.3 (16.9)

191.9 (24.2)

158.9 (21.9)

Pandemic

238.1 (121.9)

104.2 (47.1)

95.4 (45.9)

79.5 (46.2)

104.8 (54.6)

117.9 (27.2)

T-Test (p-value)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Mortality

(%)

Before

0.6

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.1

0.4

Pandemic

1.1

1.8

1.1

1.4

1.6

0.4

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

0.0046

0.0112

0.6267

0.0477

0.1336

0.8132

Acute myocardial infarction

(I21)

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

429.0 (51.2)

130.1 (19.4)

53.0 (9.0)

82.4 (19.1)

117.4 (21.5)

90.4 (15.1)

Pandemic

369.2 (58.6)

106.8 (19.2)

40.3 (11.8)

76.0 (24.9)

106.9 (25.2)

89.7 (12.8)

T-Test (p-value)

0.0018

0.0008

0.0005

0.3715

0.1717

0.8888

Mortality

(%)

Before

8.6

10.1

10.0

12.0

8.9

2.9

Pandemic

9.5

9.4

12.8

11.8

9.0

3.8

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

0.0663

0.4992

0.0772

0.8623

1.0000

0.1352

Heart failure

(I50)

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

357.6 (37.6)

95.6 (16.2)

84.0 (13.7)

140.5 (14.9)

183.0 (18.5)

90.3 (15.8)

Pandemic

273.1 (52.0)

71.9 (24.7)

57.2 (21.5)

85.6 (30.3)

137.4 (44.4)

64.6 (11.1)

T-Test (p-value)

< 0.0001

0.0008

0.0005

< 0.0001

0.0022

< 0.0001

Mortality

(%)

Before

15.5

20.3

17.9

11.2

9.6

7.8

Pandemic

18.2

24.3

21.0

14.8

12.1

8.6

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

0.0002

0.0095

0.0640

0.0011

0.0029

0.4274

Stroke

(I60-I64)

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

434.2 (24.5)

187.0 (20.3)

45.3 (11.5)

170.9 (22.6)

349.2 (24.3)

99.7 (12.5)

Pandemic

385.8 (36.5)

193.3 (30.9)

40.4 (13.8)

133.3 (24.8)

251.9 (43.3)

97.4 (11.1)

T-Test (p-value)

< 0.0001

0.4456

0.2305

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.5622

Mortality

(%)

Before

15.0

23.1

21.5

12.4

17.6

9.8

Pandemic

17.7

27.3

21.2

16.9

18.6

11.3

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.9503

< 0.0001

0.1619

0.1526

Breast cancer

(C50)

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

295.1 (37.4)

200.1 (17.8)

17.8 (4.1)

69.2 (13.4)

152.5 (22.0)

42.2 (5.4)

Pandemic

237.9 (39.8)

161.3 (24.4)

15.2 (3.9)

58.5 (11.7)

164.5 (16.8)

41.6 (6.4)

T-Test (p-value)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0625

0.0167

0.0821

0.7461

Mortality

(%)

Before

8.0

12.8

11.3

3.0

7.9

9.4

Pandemic

9.0

14.2

14.6

2.8

4.7

7.7

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

0.0902

0.1094

0.2563

0.9008

< 0.0001

0.2783

Pneumonia

(J12-J18)

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

550.8 (75.7)

161.0 (23.4)

88.7 (16.2)

134.7 (26.7)

142.7 (18.7)

139.0 (29.2)

Pandemic

637.9 (149.3)

277.6 (87.3)

68.6 (28.4)

80.8 (44.1)

83.5 (33.0)

136.8 (25.7)

T-Test (p-value)

0.0570

0.0002

0.0254

0.0005

< 0.0001

0.8163

Mortality

(%)

Before

19.7

29.7

21.0

22.8

13.1

11.8

Pandemic

19.1

38.1

30.0

28.5

21.1

11.3

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

0.2834

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.0001

< 0.0001

0.5966

Leg (S82), femur (S72), and forearm (S52) fractures

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

661.3 (35.3)

338.3 (21.3)

92.3 (12.9)

244.8 (26.1)

177.0 (16.0)

145.8 (9.4)

Pandemic

582.7 (82.4)

335.4 (30.2)

84.4 (26.1)

223.0 (29.8)

160.4 (30.2)

152.3 (17.8)

T-Test (p-value)

0.0037

0.7244

0.2969

0.0216

0.0724

0.2187

Mortality

(%)

Before

1.5

2.2

1.0

0.6

1.1

0.4

Pandemic

1.7

3.2

2.0

0.9

1.2

0.3

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

0.1397

0.0003

0.0275

0.0817

0.7144

0.8252

Diabetes mellitus

(E10-E14)

Hospitalizations/ fortnight

Mean (sd)

Before

170.1 (12.0)

81.8 (10.1)

73.8 (12.3)

37.0 (7.4)

65.1 (15.0)

64.3 (8.5)

Pandemic

131.2 (28.8)

69.2 (17.9)

53.4 (18.3)

36.8 (9.5)

45.2 (11.5)

48.1 (8.6)

T-Test (p-value)

0.0002

0.0267

0.0001

0.9372

0.0001

< 0.0001

Mortality

(%)

Before

4.5

8.1

4.8

5.5

3.4

2.4

Pandemic

6.0

12.5

9.0

6.4

5.9

1.9

Fisher’s Exact Test (p-value)

0.0101

0.0002

< 0.0001

0.4859

0.0090

0.5428