Table 2 Mean and median direct and indirect costs during pre-treatment and treatment periods for TB patients in the ACF and PCF cohorts (VNĐ1 = US$0.0000436, 2018-2019)

Pre-treatment

Direct medical

37 (18-56)

13 (4-31)

151 (70-231)

75 (30-168)

90 (50-130)

29 (11-81)

<0.001*

Direct non-medical

7 (2-12)

2 (0-4)

6 (3-9)

3 (1-8)

7 (4-9)

2 (1-6)

0.1394

Total direct^b

44 (22-66)

17 (6-34)

155 (73-238)

78 (32-154)

96 (55-137)

34 (11-88)

<0.001*

Indirect, time loss

5 (0-10)

1 (0.5-1)

20 (3-36)

2 (1-5)

12 (4-20)

1 (1-3)

<0.001*

Total pre-treatment

49 (24-74)

18 (7-37)

175 (85-264)

80 (33-203)

108 (63-153)

35 (13-90)

<0.001*

Treatment

Direct medical

54 (39-70)

34 (22-61)

384 (76-693)

76 (37-154)

209 (63-355)

47 (24-93)

<0.001*

Direct non-medical

44 (31-57)

27 (12-59)

43 (14-71)

14 (8-38)

43 (29-58)

20 (10-47)

0.056

Total direct^b

98 (74-122)

66 (43-121)

427 (98-756)

90 (50-195)

253 (97-408)

83 (46-160)

0.067

Indirect, time loss

13 (7-20)

6 (4-13)

27 (1-53)

5 (4-8)

20 (7-33)

5 (4-11)

0.144

Total treatment

112 (85-139)

73 (47-143)

454 (105-804)

95 (55-202)

273 (108-438)

91 (50-174)

0.109

Total costs (pre-treatment + treatment)

Direct medical

91 (68-115)

62 (34-123)

535 (169-902)

166 (98-289)

230 (125-474)

105 (47-196)

<0.001*

Direct non-medical

51 (37-65)

34 (14-73)

48 (19-79)

19 (13-44)

50 (34-65)

23 (13-59)

0.095

Total Direct

142 (84-139)

106 (72-200)

582 (205-925)

179 (99-351)

349 (153-505)

131 (84-258)

0.001*

Income loss

273 (145-400)

71 (0-272)

627 (384-869)

414 (0-931)

439 (304-573)

134 (0-761)

0.032*

Time loss

18 (10-27)

8 (5-15)

47 (11-83)

9 (6-23)

32 (14-49)

8 (5-19)

0.693

Total Indirect

291 (163.7-419.0)

115 (12-307)

674 (436-912)

460 (59-938)

471 (337-605)

166 (23-765)

0.003*

Total costs

434 (301-566)

279 (122-468)

1,256 (807-1,706)

894 (234-1359)

820 (587-1,053)

413 (168-1,046)

<0.001*