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Table 1 Baseline socioeconomic and treatment characteristics of TB patients in the ACF and PCF cohorts

From: Socio-protective effects of active case finding on catastrophic costs from tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost survey

 

ACF

(N = 52)

PCF

(N = 46)

All

(N = 98)

P-valueg

Socioeconomic characteristics

  Male, N (%)

33 (63)

29 (63)

62 (63)

0.966

  Age, mean (SD), years

51.8 (15.7)

44.8 (17.9)

48.5 (17.0)

0.063

  Complete secondary school, N (%)

28 (54)

36 (78)

64 (65)

0.011*

  Employed before the episode of TB, N (%)

39 (75)

33 (72)

72 (73)

0.715

Patient income pre-TB, N (%)a

  Poorest

22 (43)

10 (22)

32 (33)

0.003*

  Moderate

18 (35)

14 (31)

32 (33)

0.714

  Wealthiest

13 (25)

19 (42)

32 (33)

0.072

Household income pre-TB, N (%)a

  Poorest

21 (40)

12 (27)

33 (34)

0.155

  Moderate

18 (35)

14 (31)

32 (33)

0.714

  Wealthiest

13 (25)

19 (42)

32 (33)

0.072

  Social Health Insurance, N (%)

36 (69)

42 (91)

78 (80)

0.007*

  Adjusted MPI-TB headcount ratio, mean (SD)b

15.5 (21.8)

7.1 (15.9)

11.6 (19.6)

0.033*

TB diagnosis and treatment

  TB/HIV co-infection, N (%)

0 (0)

3 (7)

3 (3)

0.061

  New TB case, N (%)

35 (67)

44 (96)

79 (81)

< 0.001*

  Bacteriologically confirmed, N (%)

52 (100)

43 (93)

95 (97)

0.061

  Time between onset of TB symptoms and treatment initiationc, mean (SD), weeks

9.1 (8.9)

12.7 (18.2)

11.0 (14.5)

0.245

  Hospitalization pre-treatment, N (%)

3 (6)

10 (22)

13 (13)

0.020*

  Hospitalization during treatment, N (%)

3 (6)

6 (13)

9 (9)

0.213

  Number of follow-up visits during treatment, mean (SD)

3.3 (1.0)

3.5 (1.0)

3.4 (1.0)

0.402

Type of service visited, pre-treatment, N (%)d

  Private sector

31/262 (12)

79/366 (22)

110/628 (18)

0.002*

  Non-NTP public sector

34/262 (13)

140/366 (38)

174/628 (28)

< 0.001*

  NTPe

110/262 (42)

63/366 (17)

173/628 (28)

< 0.001*

  Othersf

87/262 (33)

84/366 (23)

171/628 (27)

< 0.004*

Type of service visited, treatment, N (%)d

  Private sector

8/234 (3)

25/273 (9)

33/507 (7)

0.009*

  Non-NTP public sector

75/234 (32)

57/273 (21)

132/507 (26)

0.004*

  NTPe

2/234 (1)

40/273 (15)

42/507 (8)

< 0.001*

  Othersf

149/234 (64)

151/273 (55)

300/507 (59)

0.056

  1. aBased on within-sample tertiles of self-reported incomes;
  2. bHeadcount ratio calculated based on a deprivation threshold of 33 % (> 5 deprivations) as adapted from official guidelines on multi-dimensional poverty defined by the Government of Viet Nam with further detail provided in the supplementary material;
  3. cContains nine missing values in the ACF cohort with N = 43;
  4. dTotal number of visits during the pre-treatment (ACF = 262, PCF = 366, Total = 628) and treatment periods (ACF = 234, PCF = 273, Total = 507);
  5. eNTP National TB Control program;
  6. fTraditional healers, herbalists, pharmacists and mobile X-ray events (pre-treatment, only);
  7. gChi-square, Fischer Exact (any cell with n < 5 in the contingency table) for proportions, Wilcoxon Rank Sum for medians, t-test for means
  8. * Statistically significant difference at 95 % confidence level
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BMC Health Services Research

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