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Table 5 Characterisation of referral documented in case records of referred pregnant women presenting in emergency situations in Lagos public CEmOC facilities and outcomes

From: Critical comparative analysis of data sources toward understanding referral during pregnancy and childbirth: three perspectives from Nigeria

Background characteristics

n = 1038

%

95% CI

    

Day of arrival at facility

 Weekend

249

24.0

21.5–26.7

    

 Weekday

789

76.0

73.3–78.5

    

Period of day that journey commenced

 Morning (3.00 am - 12 noon)

202

19.4

17.2–21.9

    

 Afternoon (12 noon - 4.00 pm)

149

14.4

12.4–16.6

    

 Evening (4.00 pm – 8.00 pm)

138

13.3

11.4–15.5

    

 Night (8.00 pm – 3.00 am)

108

10.4

8.7–12.4

    

 Missing

441

42.5

39.5–45.5

    

Mode of travel to facility

 Not stated

1016

97.9

96.8–98.6

    

 Private car

12

1.2

0.7–2.0

    

 Taxi

5

0.5

0.2–1.2

    

 Bus

2

0.2

< 0.1–0.8

    

 Tricycle

3

0.2

0.1–0.9

    

Type of referral institution

 Government hospital

165

15.9

13.8–18.3

    

 Government lower-level facility

425

40.9

37.9–4.0

    

 Private hospital

238

22.9

20.5–25.6

    

 Clinic (Public or Private)

80

7.7

6.1–9.4

    

 Traditional Birth Attendant

103

9.9

8.2–11.9

    

 Nursing/Maternity home

27

2.7

1.8–3.2

    

Number of referrals

 Single

986

95.0

93.5–96.2

    

 Multiple

52

5.0

3.8–6.5

    

Non-referral stops made en route to facility

 Missing

1012

97.5

96.3–98.2

    

 Yes

26

2.5

1.5–3.6

    
 

Among referred cases

Among non-referred cases

 
 

n = 1038

%

95% CI

n = 3143

%

95% CI

p-value

Birth by caesarean section

544

52.4

51.2–53.5

1377

43.8

41.3–45.5

p < 0.001

Maternal death

42

4.0

3.5–4.7

140

4.5

3.7–4.9

p = 0.576

Fresh stillbirth

110

13.0

12.1–14.6

145

6.3

5.8–7.7

p < 0.001