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Table 1 Summary of three data sources

From: Critical comparative analysis of data sources toward understanding referral during pregnancy and childbirth: three perspectives from Nigeria

 

Data source 1

NDHS 2018

Data source 2

Government CEmOC facilities, Lagos state

Data source 3

UBTH, Benin City, Edo State

Study site

National sample of households in Nigeria

All public CEmOC hospitals in Lagos State

Apex referral hospital in Benin City, Edo State

Source of information

Woman’s self-report, recalled up to 5 years before survey

Patient hospital records

Patient hospital records

Study type

Cross-sectional household survey

Retrospective census of patient records

Retrospective census of patient records

Data collection period

14 August 2018–29 December 2018

14 September 2019–2 March 2020

7 August 2018–21 August 2018

Time of births included in study

1 January 2013–29 December 2018

1 November 2018–31 December 2019

1 December 2017–31 July 2018

Study population

Women with a live birth

Pregnant women who presented in emergency at maternity wards in one of the 24 government (federal and state)-owned facilities (conception to 7 days postpartum)

‘Un-booked’ pregnant women admitted to the UBTH maternity ward in the perinatal period (23+ weeks gestation to 7 days postpartum)

Perinatal outcome measures used in analysis

Birth by caesarean section, Early neonatal death (within 7 days after delivery)

Birth by caesarean section, Maternal death, Stillbirth, Early neonatal death

Birth by caesarean section, Maternal death, Stillbirth