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Table 1 Characteristics of study population

From: Health care utilization and health-related quality of life of injury patients: comparison of educational groups

Characteristic

Total

(n = 2606)

Educational level

p-value

Low

(n = 1249, 47.9%)

Middle

(n = 635, 24.4%)

High

(n = 722, 27.7%)

Sex: Female, n (%)

1459 (56.0)

805 (64.5)

300 (47.2)

354 (49.0)

< 0.001

Age, mean (SD)

63.7 (15.5)

69.4 (12.9)

58.8 (15.6)

58.2 (16.2)

< 0.001

Comorbidity, n chronic conditions (%)a

 No

1372 (52.6)

576 (46.1)

357 (56.2)

438 (60.7)

< 0.001

 One

725 (27.8)

356 (28.5)

181 (28.5)

188 (26.0)

0.454

 More than one

437 (16.8)

272 (21.8)

84 (13.2)

81 (11.2)

< 0.001

Marital status: living with partner, n (%)b

1774 (68.1)

782 (62.6)

460 (72.4)

532 (73.7)

< 0.001

Cause of injury

 Home and leisure

1542 (59.2)

826 (66.1)

335 (52.8)

381 (52.8)

< 0.001

 Traffic

650 (24.9)

293 (23.5)

165 (26.0)

192 (26.6)

0.236

 Sport

257 (9.9)

48 (3.8)

79 (12.4)

130 (18.0)

< 0.001

 Occupational

157 (6.0)

82 (6.6)

56 (8.8)

19 (2.6)

< 0.001

Type of injury, n (%)

 Mild TBI

201 (7.7)

86 (6.9)

51 (8.0)

64 (8.9)

0.268

 Severe TBI

102 (3.9)

50 (4.0)

20 (3.1)

32 (4.4)

0.466

 Other head or facial

211 (8.1)

92 (7.4)

54 (8.5)

65 (9.0)

0.779

 Spinal cord injury

167 (6.4)

77 (6.2)

46 (7.2)

44 (6.1)

0.612

 Rib fracture

98 (3.8)

46 (3.7)

30 (4.7)

22 (3.0)

0.264

 Other thoracic injury

101 (3.9)

51 (4.1)

26 (4.1)

24 (3.3)

0.665

 Fracture upper extremity

482 (18.5)

234 (18.7)

110 (17.3)

138 (19.1)

0.667

 Other injury upper extremity

267 (10.2)

103 (8.2)

74 (11.7)

90 (12.5)

0.005

 Pelvic injury

66 (2.5)

41 (3.3)

11 (1.7)

14 (1.9)

0.063

 Hip fracture

265 (10.2)

158 (12.7)

58 (9.1)

49 (6.8)

< 0.001

 Fracture of lower extremity

368 (14.1)

192 (15.4)

85 (13.4)

91 (12.6)

0.195

 Other injury of lower extremity

244 (9.4)

106 (8.5)

61 (9.6)

77 (10.7)

0.270

 Other

34 (1.3)

13 (1.0)

9 (1.4)

12 (1.7)

0.483

Hospitalized, n (%)c

1260 (49.7)

668 (55.5)

288 (46.8)

304 (43.2)

< 0.001

Hospital length of stay, mean (SD)d

5.6 (5.2)

6.1 (5.2)

4.9 (4.2)

5.0 (5.8)

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, TBI traumatic brain injury
  2. a73 missing values (2.8%)
  3. b16 missing values (0.6%)
  4. c73 missing values (2.8%)
  5. dPatients with no contact not included