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Table 1 Example elements describing ML-AC according to the NES to promote physiological birth

From: Sustainability of hospital-based midwife-led antenatal care consultation — a qualitative study

The midwife invites the pregnant woman to reflect about her wishes, expectations, and anxieties concerning the upcoming birth and to ask questions.

The midwife assesses individual needs of the pregnant woman, encourages trust in the woman’s ability to give birth, explains the birth phases emphasizing the latency phase, and if necessary, imparts knowledge on birth giving.

An individual birth plan can be the result of the consultation.