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Table 3 Relations between educational level and maternal health services utilization, stratified by rural/urban division income, and age at first marriage, adjusted#

From: Maternal education level and maternal healthcare utilization in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: an analysis of the multiple indicator cluster survey 2017/18

 

Rural*

 

Primary N = 3,408

Secondary and Above N = 3,279

Received Prenatal Care

1.59(1.16,2.16)

2.35(1.66,3.32)

Antenatal Care ≥ 4

1.19(0.91,1.56)

1.65(1.27,2.16)

Skilled attendant at birth

1.20(0.96,1.51)

1.80(1.26,2.59)

Cesarean section

1.51(0.75,3.03)

2.82(1.62,4.92)

 

Urban*

Received Prenatal Care

1.77(1.02,3.06)

3.17(1.63,6.16)

Antenatal Care ≥ 4

0.87(0.47,1.64)

1.18(0.61,2.28)

Skilled attendant at birth

0.90(0.47,1.74)

1.31(0.70,2.45)

Cesarean section

0.91(0.20,4.19)

1.01(0.25,4.19)

 

Low Income (< 40 %)

Received Prenatal Care

1.66(1.21,2.29)

2.70(1.86,3.93)

Antenatal Care ≥ 4

1.20(0.91,1.58)

1.70(1.21,2.39)

Skilled attendant at birth

1.13(0.88,1.44)

2.05(1.37,3.08)

Cesarean section

2.14(1.05,4.38)

2.04(0.88,4.72)

 

Middle-High-Income (> 40 %)

Received Prenatal Care

1.43(0.82,2.51)

2.41(1.37,4.23)

Antenatal Care ≥ 4

0.94(0.65,1.37)

1.28(0.85,1.94)

Skilled attendant at birth

1.09(0.67,1.77)

1.21(0.73,2.01)

Cesarean section

0.69(0.23,2.10)

1.81(0.67,4.91)

 

First Marriage < 18

Received Prenatal Care

1.61(1.08,2.41)

2.66(1.76,4.02)

Antenatal Care ≥ 4

1.06(0.78,1.45)

1.62(1.18,2.23)

Skilled attendant at birth

1.36(0.99,1.86)

1.92(1.29,2.87)

Cesarean section

1.29(0.51,3.29)

2.60(1.11,6.08)

 

First Marriage ≥ 18

Received Prenatal Care

1.69(1.23,2.33)

2.95(2.04,4.27)

Antenatal Care ≥ 4

1.17(0.82,1.69)

1.64(1.11,2.42)

Skilled attendant at birth

1.11(0.80,1.53)

2.24(1.54,3.27)

Cesarean section

1.28(0.39,4.18)

1.63(0.50,5.32)

  1. #Reference group is the below primary and none education group (n = 1,873)
  2. *Adjusted for age, province, wealth, marital status, age at first marriage, smoke/alcohol use, and disability
  3. ** Adjusted for age, urban/rural, province, marital status, age at first marriage, smoke/alcohol use, and disability
  4. *** Adjusted for age, urban/rural, province, marital status, wealth, smoke/alcohol use, and disability