Skip to main content

Table 2 Themes, subthemes and codes obtained from data analysis

From: Stigmatization, psychological and emotional trauma among frontline health care workers treated for COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria: a qualitative study

Theme

Subtheme

Codes

Frequency of codes mentioned by participants

Knowledge on COVID-19

Knowledge of the virus

Causative agent

(E1)*1/(E2)*1/(E3)*1/(E4)*1/(MD)*1/(N2)*1/(H2)*1

 

Pathophysiology

(E1)*3/(E3)*1

 

Clinical signs

(E1)*9/(E3)*3

Mode of transmission

Mode of transmission

(E1)*2/(E2)*2/(E3)*1/(E4)*2/(MD)*2/(N1)*1/(N2)*1/(PT)*1/(H1)*1

Prevention and control

Prevention and control

(E1)*6/(E2)*7/(MD)*5/(H2)*2

Exposure

likely means of exposure

Place of work

(E1)*1/(E2)*1/(E3)*1/(E4)*1/(E5)*1/(E6)*1/(MD)*1/(N1)*1/(N2)*1/(PT)*1/(H1)*1/(H2)*1

Reactions

Immediate reactions form positive patients

denial due to being asymptomatic

(E1)*1/(MD)*1/(H1)*1

 

Feeling disturbed

(E3)*1/(E6)*2/(N1)*2/(N2)*3/(H1)*1/(H2)*2

 

Felt comforted

(E2)*2/(E5)*3/(N2)*1/(H2)*1

 

Delay in receiving result

(PT)*2/(H2)*1

Reactions

Reaction from colleagues

Supportive responses

(E1)*2/(E2)*5/(E3)*4/(E4)*3/(E5)*6/(E6)*4/(N2)*1

 

No reactions

(MD)*1/(N1)*1

 

Felt stigmatized

(E2)*1/(PT)*2/(H1)*2/(H2)*1

Reaction of the family and friends

Family members not informed

(E2)*1/(E3)*1/(E4)*1/(E5)*1/(E6)*1/(PT)*1

 

Reasons for not informing family members

(E2)*4/(E3)*1/(E4)*1/(E5)*1/(E6)*3/(PT)*1

 

Informed friends

(E1)*1/(E4)*1

 

Informed family

(E1)*1/(MD)*1/(N1)*1/(N2)*1/(H1)*1/(H2)*1

 

positive response from family

(E1)*2/(N1)*4/(H1)*3/(H2)*2

 

Negative response from family

(MD)*4/(N2)*3

Reaction by community

Informed hotel management

(E1)*1/(E2)*1

 

Community not aware

(E1)*1/(E2)*1/(E3)*1/(E4)*1/(E5)*1/(E6)*1/(MD)*1/(N1)*1/(N2)*1/(PT)*1/(H1)*1/(H2)*1

Challenges and coping strategies

Challenges

Late processing of samples

(E4)*1/(E6)*3/(H1)*1

 

Movement restriction

(E2)*2/(E3)*1/(E5)*1/(E6)*1/(PT)*1/(H1)*1/(H2)*1

 

Stigmatization

(E1)*3/(E4)*1/(E5)*1/(MD)*1/(N1)*1

 

Hardly sleep

(E4)*1/(H2)*1

 

Unconducive isolation tent

(E4)*4

 

Separation from family

(E1)*1/(PT)*1/(H1)*2/(H2)*1

 

Reaction to medication

(E1)*1/(E5)*1

 

Late meals

(E5)*1/(H2)*1

 

Development of symptom

(E3)*1

Coping strategies

Webinar, reading and working on projects

(E2)*2/(E4)*1/(N1)*1

 

Watching movies

(E4)*2/(E6)*1

 

Listening to music

(N1)*1

 

Phone calls

(E4)*1/(E6)*1/N1*1

Recommendations

Recommendation for positive patients

Advice and encouragement

(E1)*2/(E4)*1/(D1)*2/(N2)*3/(H2)*1

Recommendations to improve outbreak response and case management

Required empathy from case management team

(E1)*1/(E5)*1/(MD)*1/(N1)*1/(PT)*1

 

Timely results and evacuation

(E3)*1/(E5)*1/(MD)*3/(N2)*2/(H1)*3

 

Treatment policy

(E4)*1/(E5)*1/(MD)*1

 

Change evacuation process

(N1)*1/(N2)*1

 

Reduce overcrowding

(E4)*1

 

Public awareness

Timely meals

(H2)*1

(E5)*1/(H2)*1