The extent and barriers in providing pharmaceutical care services by community pharmacists in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Factors associated with the provision of the pharmaceutical care services (N = 409)^a

Provision	Factors	Characteristics	Frequency (%)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted p-value	Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness of Fit Test
Provision	Factors	Characteristics	Frequency (%)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted p-value	Chi-square	p-value
Pharmaceutical care service	Ethnic	Malay	32 (38.1)	As reference	-	3.104	0.684
		Chinese	176 (57.0)	2.210 (1.320, 3.698)	0.003**
		Indian	11 (68.8)	3.988 (1.248, 12.742)	0.020*
	CSCSP	Yes	88 (61.1)	1.594 (1.032, 2.464)	0.036*
	CSCSP	No	131 (49.4)	As reference	0.036*
	Methadone HRP	Yes	18 (81.8)	3.751 (1.129, 12.461)	0.031*
	Methadone HRP	No	201 (51.9)	As reference	0.031*

^a Eleven respondents from other ethnic groups were excluded from analysis due to insufficient number for statistical comparison
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01
CSCSP Certified smoking cessation service provider
HRP Harm reduction programme

ISSN: 1472-6963