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Table 4 Annual all-cause costs during the follow-up period

From: Incremental burden of comorbid major depressive disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease: a retrospective claims analysis

Annual all-cause cost, $

Patients with T2D

Patients with CVD

All patients

(n = 22,892)

With comorbid MDD

(n = 11,446)

Without comorbid MDD

(n = 11,446)

P value

All patients

(n = 28,298)

With comorbid MDD

(n = 14,149)

Without comorbid MDD

(n = 14,149)

P value

Hospitalization costs

 Mean (SD)

1120 (7851)

1453 (9849)

788 (5105)

< 0.0001

2322 (10,245)

2865 (12,120)

1778 (7903)

< 0.0001

ED costs

 Mean (SD)

878 (3387)

1087 (4321)

669 (2047)

< 0.0001

1440 (3711)

1746 (4508)

1134 (2652)

< 0.0001

Laboratory costs

 Mean (SD)

700 (2208)

799 (2721)

601 (1527)

< 0.0001

818 (2279)

930 (2723)

705 (1716)

< 0.0001

Outpatient costs

 Mean (SD)

7116 (21,936)

8283 (20,686)

5950 (23,061)

< 0.0001

11,005 (26,441)

12,658 (28,902)

9351 (23,611)

< 0.0001

Other costs

 Mean (SD)

1906 (14,082)

2202 (14,950)

1610 (13,150)

0.0015

3383 (16,220)

3989 (18,373)

2778 (13,707)

< 0.0001

Medical costs

 Mean (SD)

11,720 (31,188)

13,823 (32,023)

9618 (30,186)

< 0.0001

18,968 (38,326)

22,189 (42,317)

15,746 (33,561)

< 0.0001

Pharmacy costs

 Mean (SD)

2310 (7602)

2688 (8606)

1932 (6423)

< 0.0001

2826 (8409)

3358 (9233)

2295 (7458)

< 0.0001

Total costs (pharmacy and medical)

 Mean (SD)

14,031 (33,286)

16,511 (34,415)

11,550 (31,928)

< 0.0001

21,794 (40,557)

25,546 (44,796)

18,041 (35,425)

< 0.0001

  1. Statistical differences were assessed using t tests. Significant P values (< 0.05) are shown in bold italic.
  2. CVD cardiovascular disease, ED emergency department, MDD major depressive disorder, SD standard deviation, T2D type 2 diabetes