Table 3 DGS 2018 treatment guidelines. Adapted from [40]
Diabetic retinopathy stage | Procedure and treatment |
|---|---|
No disease visible or Mild NPDR | DR screening |
NPDR moderate or severe | DR ophthalmologic consultation Optical coherence tomography (OCT) |
NPDR with DME focal or multifocal or PDR without DME | Fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT Laser therapy |
PDR with MDE Diffuse DME | FA + OCT Combined DR therapy: Laser + Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth and/or long-acting corticosteroids |
Advanced PDR with: - Vitreous or sub hyaloid haemorrhage - Retinal detachment - Neovascular glaucoma - Chronic DME with no response to treatment or refractory | DR chirurgic therapy: vitrectomy Combined DR therapy: FA + OCT + Laser + Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth and/or long-acting corticosteroids Corticosteroids extended-release injectable devices |