Organizational readiness to change as a leverage point for improving safety: a national nursing home survey

Table 2 Intraclass coefficients from Steps 1–4 random effects regressions for each safety climate domain outcome

Safety climate domain	Step 1 ICC (SE)	Step 2 ICC (SE)	Step 3 ICC (SE)	Step 4 ICC (SE)	Absolute and (%) of ICC change between Step 1 and Step 2	Absolute and (%) of ICC change between Step 1 and Step 3	Absolute and (%) of ICC change between Step 1 and Step 4
Safety priorities	0.028* (0.012)	0.019 (0.012)	0.013 (0.009)	0.003 (0.008)	0.009 (− 29.8%)	0.015 (− 53.8%)	0.025 (− 90.0%)
Supervisor commitment	0.099*** (0.023)	0.080*** (0.023)	0.083*** (0.021)	0.027* (0.013)	0.019 (− 18.5%)	0.016 (− 15.8%)	0.072 (− 72.2%)
Senior management commitment	0.093*** (0.024)	0.093 *** (0.028)	0.089*** (0.023)	0.021 (0.011)	0 (− 0.4%)	0.004 (− 4.8%)	0.072 (− 77.6%)
Attitudes towards safety	0.023* (0.012)	0.025 (0.014)	0.023 (0.012)	0.016 (0.011)	0.002 (6.7%)	0 (− 3.9%)	0.007 (− 30.4%)
Environmental safety	0.093*** (0.024)	0.102** (0.030)	0.078*** (0.021)	0.070*** (0.020)	0.009 (9.6%)	0.015 (− 16.4%)	0.023 (− 24.6%)
Co-worker interactions	0.064*** (0.019)	0.072** (0.023)	0.059** (0.018)	0.009 (0.009)	0.008 (13.4%)	0.005 (− 7.2%)	0.055 (− 85.3%)
Global ratings	0.094*** (0.023)	0.112*** (0.03)	0.075*** (0.018)	0.053** (0.017)	0.018 (19.6%)	0.019 (− 19.6%)	0.041 (− 29.7%)

Each model was 2-level linear mixed effects model with a random intercept for clustering by CLC. Step 1 included only person-level covariates (occupation, CLC tenure, work shift, and weekly hours). Step 2 included all person-level covariates and all CLC-level covariates except employee satisfaction/engagement, nursing ratio, and Psychological and Behavioral Readiness to Change. Step 3 included all Step 2’s significant covariates and job satisfaction/engagement. Step 4 contained all Step 3’s significant covariates and nursing ratio and Psychological and Behavioral Readiness to Change
ICC Intraclass correlations, SE Standard error
* P < .05; ** P < .01; *** P < .001
Step 4 variables--nursing ratio and Psychological and Behavioral Readiness to Change—made substantial contributions to explaining differences across CLCs in terms of safety priorities, supervisor commitment, senior management commitment, and co-worker interactions

ISSN: 1472-6963