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Table 2 Aims of Included Studies

From: The presence and potential impact of psychological safety in the healthcare setting: an evidence synthesis

AIMS OF STUDY

NUMBER OF STUDIES

Assess perceived motivations and barriers to speaking up (one study also looked at how these barriers differed across two cultures) [50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]

14

Assessment of safety climate / culture / quality / teamwork [64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72]

9

Evaluation of an intervention on speaking up, safety or communication [73,74,75,76,77,78,79]

7

Impact of hierarchy on speaking up [80,81,82,83]

4

To describe the nature of interprofessional work and the factors that influence teamwork [84,85,86,87]

4

Assessment of likely harm and relationship to speaking up [88,89,90,91]

4

Impact of management / leadership on psychological safety [21, 92, 93]

3

Explore perceptions of safety following an interprofessional teamwork intervention [94,95,96]

3

To explore perceptions of own ability to speak up and be heard [97,98,99]

3

Professional challenges and reasons for wanting to leave [100]

1

Test relationship between speaking up and technical team performance [101]

1

Explore the process of learning to speak up [102]

1

Identify ethical errors in caring for elderly patients with dementia [103]

1

Exploring how the organisation values psychological safety of its workers and makes workers feel valued [104]

1

Identify critical non-technical skills for safe and effective teamwork [105]

1

Assess speaking up behaviour and safety climate [106]

1

Describe advocacy in anaesthesia care [107]

1

Explore experiences of supervision from seniors [108]

1

Observed how staff members spoke up [109]

1

Explore experiences of being a nurse manager [110]

1