Table 2 Summary of reliability and mean scores and standard deviations for IR-T-TPQ items and subscales (n = 404)

Team Structure (7)

0.85

3.85 (0.66)

The skills of nurses overlap sufficiently so that the work can be shared when necessary.

0.51

0.85

3.78 (0.91)

Nurses are held accountable for their actions.

0.54

0.84

4.14 (0.83)

Nurses within my unit share information that enables timely decision making by the patient care team.

0.63

0.83

3.91 (0.84)

My unit makes efficient use of resources (e.g., staff, supplies, equipment, and information).

0.62

0.83

3.68 (1.02)

Nurses understand their roles and responsibilities.

0.67

0.83

3.82 (0.86)

My unit has clearly articulated goals.

0.67

0.82

3.79 (0.94)

My unit operates at a high level of efficiency.

0.67

0.82

3.83 (0.92)

Team Leadership (7)

0.92

3.73 (0.87)

My head nurse considers nurses input when making decisions about patient care.

0.77

0.91

3.85 (1.03)

My head nurse provides opportunities to discuss the unit’s performance after an event.

0.76

0.91

3.77 (1.01)

My head nurse takes time to meet with nurses to develop a plan for patient care.

0.77

0.91

3.65 (1.09)

My head nurse ensures that adequate resources (e.g., staff, supplies, equipment, and information) are available.

0.72

0.92

3.68 (1.06)

My head nurse resolves conflicts successfully.

0.76

0.91

3.62 (1.12)

My head nurse models appropriate team behavior.

0.80

0.91

3.75 (1.04)

My head nurse ensures that nurses are aware of situations or changes that may affect patient care.

0.76

0.91

3.79 (0.99)

Situational Monitoring (7)

0.87

3.64 (0.71)

Nurses effectively anticipate each other’s needs.

0.63

0.85

3.54 (0.96)

Nurses monitor each other’s performance.

0.56

0.86

3.68 (0.93)

Nurses exchange relevant information as it becomes available.

0.70

0.85

3.71 (0.92)

Nurses continuously scan the environment for important information.

0.70

0.84

3.67 (0.90)

Nurses share information regarding potential complications (e.g., patient changes, bed availability).

0.64

0.85

3.84 (0.88)

Nurses meet to re-evaluate patient care goals when aspects of the situation have changed.

0.66

0.85

3.39 (1.09)

Nurses correct each other’s mistakes to ensure that procedures are followed properly.

0.65

0.85

3.68 (0.89)

Mutual Support (7)

0.84

3.80 (0.66)

Nurses assist colleagues during high workload.

0.53

0.83

3.80 (1.03)

Nurses request assistance from colleagues when they feel overwhelmed.

0.53

0.82

3.88 (0.80)

Nurses caution each other about potentially dangerous situations.

0.65

0.81

3.94 (0.78)

Feedback between nurses is delivered in a way that promotes positive interactions and future change.

0.71

0.80

3.87 (0.85)

Nurses advocate for patients even when their opinions conflict with that of a senior member of the unit.

0.51

0.83

3.767 (0.96)

When nurses have a concern about patient safety, they challenge others until they are sure that the concern has been heard.

0.64

0.81

3.80 (0.92)

Nurses resolve their conflicts, even when the conflicts have become personal.

0.59

0.82

3.57 (1.07)

Communication (7)

0.89

3.83 (0.69)

Information regarding patient care is explained to patients and their families in lay terms.

0.64

0.88

4.00 (0.77)

Nurses relay relevant information in a timely manner.

0.72

0.87

3.89 (0.87)

When communicating with patients, nurses allow enough time for questions.

0.73

0.87

3.78 (0.89)

Nurses use common terminology when communicating with each other.

0.68

0.87

3.86 (0.91)

Nurses verbally verify information that they receive from one another.

0.69

0.87

3.80 (0.85)

Nurses follow a standardized method of sharing information when handing over patients.

0.71

0.87

3.79 (0.89)

Nurses seek information from all available sources.

0.65

0.88

3.66 (1.05)

IR-T-TPQ -Total scale

0.96

3.77 (0.61)