Authors, year, Country | Aims of the Study | Study Design, Methodology | Sampling Method and Sample | CASP Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|
Black et al., 2008 USA [49] | To explore experiences of suffering in late life. | Ethnographic research Ethnographic interviews and informal conversations. | Sample was selected from data collected for another funded research project: 4 primary at-home caregivers for wives with dementia, aged 80 and above. | 6. Cannot tell. The researchers may have not critically examined their role in the research. 10. No clear suggestions for future research |
Cahill, 2000 Australia [50] | To develop an understanding of the caregiving experiences of men looking after spouses diagnosed with dementia. | In depth interviews collected quantitative and qualitative data | Non-probability sample of service users: 26 aged husbands who cared at home for their cognitively impaired wives. | Satisfied all the criteria |
Calasanti & Bowen, 2006 USA [51] | To explore the caregiving provided by spouses of persons with Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias | Qualitative, gender-sensitive, constructivist approach. Semi-structured interviews | Sample recruited from formal agencies, churches, and snowball sampling: 22 primary spousal caregivers for non-institutionalised persons with dementia. | Satisfied all the criteria. |
Calasanti & King, 2007 USA [52] | To explore husbands’ experiences of caring for wives with Alzheimer’s disease. | Qualitative, constructivist approach to analyse in-depth interviews | Sample recruited from formal agencies and support groups: 9 caregiving husbands. | 7. No reference to ethical considerations |
Drummond et al., 2013 Canada [53] | To understand the meaning older women caregivers attribute to their experience of sexuality and intimacy. | Phenomenology approach. Interviews. | Recruitment strategy focused on identifying older caregiving women spouses: 6 community residing women. | 6. Cannot tell. The researchers may have not critically examined their role in the research. |
Eriksson et al., 2013 Sweden [54] | To explore the gender aspects of long-term caregiving | In depth interview | Participants recruited from an assessment unit at a hospital in South–East Sweden: 12 participants. | Satisfied all the criteria |
Flores et al., 2009 USA [55] | To explore the nuances of an ethics of care that constitute caregiving experiences. | Case study. Semi structured qualitative interview | The case study is drawn from a sample of Latina participants in a larger qualitative study: Ana a primary caregiver to her mother. | 7. No reference to ethical considerations |
Hashizume, 2010 Japan [56] | To explore the experiences of Japanese working women caregivers as they cared for the elderly family member. | Grounded-theory methodology. Open ended interviews around specific topics | Recruitment of women caregivers who met specified criteria: 11 women caregivers including 6 daughters and 5 daughters-in-law. | 6. Cannot tell. The researchers may have not critically examined their role in the research. |
Hayes et al., 2009 USA [57] | To examine how caregivers of spouses diagnosed with ADRDs perceive identity changes in themselves. | Social constructionist, symbolic interactionist perspective. Intensive interviews. | Spousal caregivers were recruited from support groups: 13 men and 15 women whose spouses had ADRD. | 7. Cannot tell. Refers only that the participants agreed to be interviewed |
Hayes et al., 2010 USA [58] | To analyse the process of redefining marital relations within the context of couples dealing with Alzheimer’s disease | Intensive qualitative interviewing approach. | Caregivers were selected into the study that met specified criteria: 13 caregiver husbands and 15 caregiver wives. | 6. Cannot tell. The researchers may have not critically examined their role in the research. |
Hepburn et al., 2002 USA [59] | To identify themes in caregivers’ discourse and reports on patterns among caregivers. | Constant comparative analysis was used to code open-ended interviews | Sample recruited as part of a larger intervention study of family caregivers of community-dwelling persons with dementia: 132 spouses. | Satisfied all the criteria |
Holroyd, 2005 China [60] | To address the dilemmas of elderly Chinese women as spousal caregivers in Hong Kong. | In-depth ethnographic approach. Data interpretation via symbolic interactionism. | Convenience sample: 20 elderly wives who were caregivers from Hong Kong. | Satisfied all the criteria |
Jones et al., 2002 USA [61] | To describe the process of caring for elderly parents by Asian American women. | Grounded theory methodology. Interviews. | Purposive sample: 41 women (22 Chinese American and 19 Filipino American; aged 38–68 yrs) caring for elderly parents. Subsequent theoretical sample | 3. Cannot tell. The researcher did not clearly justify the research design. 6. Cannot tell. The researchers may have not critically examined their role in the research. |
Kluczyńska, 2015 Poland [62] | To describe how older men who are caring for their wives construct their masculinity in the face of their new role and tasks. | Semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis coding as a mode of interpretation. | Sample recruited via a local clinic in Poznan: 10 men between 64 and 90 years old who are the primary carers for their wives. | 3. Cannot tell. The researcher did not clearly justify the research design. 5. Cannot tell. The researcher did not make the methods explicit, no use of a topic guide. |
Kramer, 2005 USA [63] | To illuminate the relationship between gender and burden. | Descriptive qualitative approach and critical poststructuralist feminist approach. | Participants recruited via community care facilities based on specified criteria: 36 adult women caring for highly dependent adults | 6. Cannot tell. The researchers may have not critically examined their role in the research. |
Mendez-Luck et al., 2008 Mexico [64] | To examine how women in a Mexico City suburb conceptualise the construct of burden. | Phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews | Combination of snowball and purposive sampling methods: 41 women. | Satisfied all the criteria |
Paillard-Borg & Strömberg, 2014 Japan [65] | To describe the observations and thoughts of one Japanese woman’s experience of living with her elderly parents. | Case study. Open-ended interview was performed and analysed using content analysis. | Case sampling: Miho, a Japanese female caregiver | Satisfied all the criteria |
Remennick, 2001 Israel [66] | To explore the experiences of women caregivers with multiple roles. | Qualitative study. Open ended interviews | Women were recruited based on specified criteria: 42 women who lived with the older individual. | 6. Cannot tell. The researchers may have not critically examined their role in the research. |
Ribeiro et al., 2007 Portugal [67] | To report findings on men’s caregiving experiences. | Semi-structured interviews. Open coding and content analysis | Snowball sampling: 53 elderly men who were caring for chronically ill wives. | Satisfied all the criteria |
Silverman, 2013 Canada [68] | To examine the lived reality of women caregivers. | Microethnographic approach. Field research, observations. | Recruitment of caregivers who fit the project’s criteria: 5 caregivers’ dyads. | Satisfied all the criteria |
Valadez et al., 2005 USA [69] | To examine Mexican American caregivers’ lived caregiving experiences. | Exploratory study. Semi structured interviews. | Recruitment from Adult Day Care Centers: 15 Mexican American participants. | Satisfied all the criteria |