Table 3 Descriptive statistics for diabetic patients
Characteristics | Total (N = 955) | Health service underutilization | Statistics | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (N = 142) | No (N = 813) | ||||
Predisposing factors | |||||
 Age (years) | 63.26 (8.84) | 61.58 (7.73) | 63.55 (9.00) | 2.453 | 0.014 |
 Gender |  |  |  |  |  |
  Female | 643 (67.33) | 102 (71.83) | 541 (66.54) | 1.536 | 0.215 |
  Male | 312 (32.67) | 40 (28.17) | 272 (33.46) |  |  |
 Ethnicity |  |  |  | 1.557 | 0.212 |
  Han | 706 (73.93) | 111 (78.17) | 595 (73.19) |  |  |
  Minority | 249 (26.07) | 31 (21.83) | 218 (26.81) |  |  |
 Marital status |  |  |  | 0.000 | 0.996 |
  Other | 175 (18.32) | 26 (18.31) | 149 (18.33) |  |  |
  Married | 780 (81.68) | 116 (81.69) | 664 (81.67) |  |  |
 Education attainment |  |  |  | 0.025 | 0.980 |
  Primary school or below | 559 (58.60) | 84 (59.15) | 475 (58.50) |  |  |
  Junior high school | 290 (30.40) | 41 (28.87) | 249 (30.67) |  |  |
  Senior high school or above | 105 (11.01) | 17 (11.97) | 88 (10.84) |  |  |
Enabling factors | |||||
 Income level |  |  |  | 2.852 | 0.004 |
  Low | 351 (36.75) | 69 (48.59) | 282 (34.69) |  |  |
  Middle | 206 (21.57) | 25 (17.61) | 181 (22.26) |  |  |
  High | 398 (41.68) | 48 (33.80) | 350 (43.05) |  |  |
 Medical insurance |  |  |  | 10.614 | 0.014 |
  No | 2 (0.21) | 1 (0.70) | 1 (0.12) |  |  |
  Others | 11 (1.15) | 5 (3.52) | 6 (0.74) |  |  |
  URRMI | 913 (95.60) | 133 (93.66) | 780 (95.94) |  |  |
  UEBMI | 29 (3.04) | 3 (2.11) | 26 (3.20) |  |  |
 Regular source of care |  |  |  | 10.028 | 0.002 |
  No | 150 (15.72) | 35 (24.65) | 115 (14.16) |  |  |
  Yes | 804 (84.28) | 107 (75.35) | 697 (85.84) |  |  |
 Distance to the nearest health facility |  |  |  | −0.009 | 0.993 |
  Less than one kilometer | 577 (60.42) | 85 (59.86) | 492 (60.52) |  |  |
  1-5 km | 339 (35.50) | 53 (37.32) | 286 (35.18) |  |  |
  More than 5 km | 39 (4.08) | 4 (2.82) | 35 (4.31) |  |  |
Need factors | |||||
 Self-reported health score | 53.16 (22.79) | 46.73 (20.53) | 54.29 (22.99) | 3.671 | < 0.001 |