From: Patients satisfaction with healthcare delivery in Ghana
Variable | Reliability | P-value | Responsiveness | P-value | Tangibles | P-value | Total satisfaction | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||||||
 15–25 | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 26–35 | 1.09 (0.88–1.36) | 0.438 | 1.43 (1.07–1.91) | 0.015 | 1.03 (0.62–1.70) | 0.907 | 1.10 (0.88–1.38) | 0.381 |
 36–49 | 1.36 (1.07–1.72) | 0.011 | 1.44 (1.04–2.00) | 0.028 | 1.84 (1.01–3.37) | 0.046 | 1.36 (1.08–1.71) | 0.008 |
Highest level of education | ||||||||
 No formal education | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Basic education | 0.90 (0.66–1.22) | 0.492 | 1.19 (0.76–1.87) | 0.452 | 1.16 (0.50–2.72) | 0.730 | 0.84 (0.62–1.15) | 0.278 |
 Secondary | 0.77 (0.59–1.00) | 0.051 | 1.21 (0.82–1.78) | 0.342 | 0.49 (0.22–1.11) | 0.086 | 0.76 (0.58–0.99) | 0.044 |
 Tertiary | 0.78 (0.51–1.25) | 0.320 | 1.29 (0.71–2.37) | 0.404 | 0.45 (0.14–1.42) | 0.175 | 0.80 (0.52–1.23) | 0.304 |
Religion | ||||||||
 African traditional | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Islam | 1.20 (0.73–1.97) | 0.474 | 0.30 (0.14–0.66) | 0.003 | 1.91 (0.38–9.59) | 0.430 | 0.95 (0.56–1.59) | 0.831 |
 Christian | 096 (0.62–1.48) | 0.848 | 0.40 (0.19–0.83) | 0.014 | 0.90 (0.22–3.68) | 0.886 | 0.82 (0.51–1.32) | 0.417 |
Region | ||||||||
 Greater Accra | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Western | 3.14 (1.86–5.30) | < 0.001 | 2.25 (1.22–4.14) | 0.009 | 1.60 (0.71–3.62) | 0.260 | 2.96 (1.81–4.86) | < 0.001 |
 Central | 1.41 (0.86–2.31) | 0.168 | 1.41 (0.76–2.62) | 0.268 | 2.23 (0.90–5.49) | 0.081 | 1.23 (0.77–1.98) | 0.388 |
 Volta | 1.10 (0.67–1.80) | 0.700 | 2.19 (1.20–4.00) | 0.011 | 1.28 (0.51–3.22) | 0.605 | 1.14 (0.69–1.88) | 0.600 |
 Eastern | 0.88 (0.56–1.39) | 0.581 | 2.46 (1.37–4.40) | 0.003 | 1.19 (0.50–2.81) | 0.696 | 0.94 (0.58–1.51) | 0.791 |
 Ashanti | 0.78 (0.51–1.18) | 0.237 | 2.64 (1.48–4.70) | 0.001 | 2.56 (1.04–6.31) | 0.041 | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 0.114 |
 Brong Ahafo | 0.83 (0.53–1.30) | 0.422 | 3.29 (1.69–6.38) | < 0.001 | 3.12 (1.02–9.52) | 0.045 | 0.78 (0.51–1.21) | 0.266 |
 Northern | 0.76 (0.45–1.29) | 0.317 | 0.56 (0.29–1.08) | 0.082 | 0.26 (0.09–0.79) | 0.017 | 0.74 (0.44–1.23) | 0.246 |
 Upper East | 1.44 (0.86–2.41) | 0.163 | 4.96 (2.45–10.05) | < 0.001 | 1.29 (0.32–5.25) | 0.720 | 1.24 (0.76–2.00) | 0.392 |
 Upper West | 0.79 (0.36–1.75) | 0.559 | 4.99 (2.19–11.33) | < 0.001 | 1.03 (0.28–3.81) | 0.965 | 0.69 (0.35–1.35) | 0.277 |
Place of residence | ||||||||
 Urban | Ref |  | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |
 Rural | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 0.341 | 1.88 (1.30–2.72) | 0.001 | 1.30 (0.77–2.19) | 0.322 | 1.38 (1.05–1.81) | 0.020 |
Employment | ||||||||
 Unemployed | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Employed | 0.96 (0.77–1.21) | 0.730 | 0.89 (0.67–1.18) | 0.424 | 0.76 (0.41–1.40) | 0.372 | 0.91 (0.71–1.15) | 0.414 |
Wealth index | ||||||||
 Poorest | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Poorer | 0.83 (0.58–1.20) | 0.325 | 1.12 (0.78–1.60) | 0.552 | 0.56 (0.21–1.45) | 0.231 | 0.89 (0.61–1.30) | 0.547 |
 Middle | 1.18 (0.83–1.70) | 0.355 | 1.10 (0.69–1.76) | 0.696 | 0.62 (0.24–1.61) | 0.321 | 1.15 (0.81–1.64) | 0.429 |
 Richer | 1.17 (0.74–1.82) | 0.502 | 0.96 (0.58–1.59) | 0.874 | 0.72 (0.23–2.22) | 0.566 | 1.22 (0.79–1.88) | 0.375 |
 Richest | 0.96 (0.57–1.63) | 0.892 | 0.87 (0.50–1.53) | 0.633 | 0.70 (0.19–2.60) | 0.595 | 1.07 (0.65–1.75) | 0.790 |
Payment option used | ||||||||
 Cash | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Insurance | 0.99 (0.79–1.26) | 0.957 | 0.71 (0.51–0.99) | 0.049 | 2.00 (1.25–3.18) | 0.004 | 0.98 (0.77–1.23) | 0.838 |
 Cash & Insurance | 0.95 (0.65–1.38) | 0.768 | 0.55 (0.33–0.93) | 0.026 | 2.78 (1.07–7.25) | 0.036 | 1.06 (0.73–1.53) | 0.761 |
Service type | ||||||||
 Outpatient | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Inpatient | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | 0.743 | 1.06 (0.75–1.49) | 0.741 | 0.75 (0.41–1.37) | 0.347 | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) | 0.993 |
Type of facility | ||||||||
 Public | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Private | 1.08 (0.83–1.39) | 0.567 | 1.08 (0.79–1.48) | 0.617 | 2.02 (1.13–3.63) | 0.019 | 1.04 (0.80–1.33) | 0.785 |
Ease of getting care | ||||||||
 Not easy | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Easy | 4.20 (2.76–6.40) | < 0.001 | 2.50 (1.68–3.72) | < 0.001 | 2.64 (1.38–5.03) | 0.003 | 3.25 (2.22–4.75) | < 0.001 |
Provider friendliness | ||||||||
 Not friendly | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Friendly | 2.53 (1.68–3.82) | < 0.001 | 15.45 (9.72–24.56) | < 0.001 | 3.76 (2.10–6.72) | < 0.001 | 4.48 (2.95–6.81) | < 0.001 |
Opening hours | ||||||||
 Poor | Ref |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Fair | 7.11 (3.11–16.23) | < 0.001 | 2.61 (1.40–4.88) | 0.003 | 3.20 (1.27–8.03) | 0.013 | 4.15 (2.078–8.31) | < 0.001 |
 Good | 12.53 (5.66–27.72) | < 0.001 | 5.78 (3.35–9.97) | < 0.001 | 5.38 (2.67–10.84) | < 0.001 | 6.22 (3.27–11.82) | < 0.001 |