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Table 4 Independent demographic and health services-related factors associated with patient satisfaction

From: Patients satisfaction with healthcare delivery in Ghana

Variable

Reliability

P-value

Responsiveness

P-value

Tangibles

P-value

Total satisfaction

P-value

Age

 15–25

Ref

       

 26–35

1.09 (0.88–1.36)

0.438

1.43 (1.07–1.91)

0.015

1.03 (0.62–1.70)

0.907

1.10 (0.88–1.38)

0.381

 36–49

1.36 (1.07–1.72)

0.011

1.44 (1.04–2.00)

0.028

1.84 (1.01–3.37)

0.046

1.36 (1.08–1.71)

0.008

Highest level of education

 No formal education

Ref

       

 Basic education

0.90 (0.66–1.22)

0.492

1.19 (0.76–1.87)

0.452

1.16 (0.50–2.72)

0.730

0.84 (0.62–1.15)

0.278

 Secondary

0.77 (0.59–1.00)

0.051

1.21 (0.82–1.78)

0.342

0.49 (0.22–1.11)

0.086

0.76 (0.58–0.99)

0.044

 Tertiary

0.78 (0.51–1.25)

0.320

1.29 (0.71–2.37)

0.404

0.45 (0.14–1.42)

0.175

0.80 (0.52–1.23)

0.304

Religion

 African traditional

Ref

       

 Islam

1.20 (0.73–1.97)

0.474

0.30 (0.14–0.66)

0.003

1.91 (0.38–9.59)

0.430

0.95 (0.56–1.59)

0.831

 Christian

096 (0.62–1.48)

0.848

0.40 (0.19–0.83)

0.014

0.90 (0.22–3.68)

0.886

0.82 (0.51–1.32)

0.417

Region

 Greater Accra

Ref

       

 Western

3.14 (1.86–5.30)

< 0.001

2.25 (1.22–4.14)

0.009

1.60 (0.71–3.62)

0.260

2.96 (1.81–4.86)

< 0.001

 Central

1.41 (0.86–2.31)

0.168

1.41 (0.76–2.62)

0.268

2.23 (0.90–5.49)

0.081

1.23 (0.77–1.98)

0.388

 Volta

1.10 (0.67–1.80)

0.700

2.19 (1.20–4.00)

0.011

1.28 (0.51–3.22)

0.605

1.14 (0.69–1.88)

0.600

 Eastern

0.88 (0.56–1.39)

0.581

2.46 (1.37–4.40)

0.003

1.19 (0.50–2.81)

0.696

0.94 (0.58–1.51)

0.791

 Ashanti

0.78 (0.51–1.18)

0.237

2.64 (1.48–4.70)

0.001

2.56 (1.04–6.31)

0.041

0.72 (0.48–1.08)

0.114

 Brong Ahafo

0.83 (0.53–1.30)

0.422

3.29 (1.69–6.38)

< 0.001

3.12 (1.02–9.52)

0.045

0.78 (0.51–1.21)

0.266

 Northern

0.76 (0.45–1.29)

0.317

0.56 (0.29–1.08)

0.082

0.26 (0.09–0.79)

0.017

0.74 (0.44–1.23)

0.246

 Upper East

1.44 (0.86–2.41)

0.163

4.96 (2.45–10.05)

< 0.001

1.29 (0.32–5.25)

0.720

1.24 (0.76–2.00)

0.392

 Upper West

0.79 (0.36–1.75)

0.559

4.99 (2.19–11.33)

< 0.001

1.03 (0.28–3.81)

0.965

0.69 (0.35–1.35)

0.277

Place of residence

 Urban

Ref

 

Ref

     

 Rural

1.15 (0.86–1.54)

0.341

1.88 (1.30–2.72)

0.001

1.30 (0.77–2.19)

0.322

1.38 (1.05–1.81)

0.020

Employment

 Unemployed

Ref

       

 Employed

0.96 (0.77–1.21)

0.730

0.89 (0.67–1.18)

0.424

0.76 (0.41–1.40)

0.372

0.91 (0.71–1.15)

0.414

Wealth index

 Poorest

Ref

       

 Poorer

0.83 (0.58–1.20)

0.325

1.12 (0.78–1.60)

0.552

0.56 (0.21–1.45)

0.231

0.89 (0.61–1.30)

0.547

 Middle

1.18 (0.83–1.70)

0.355

1.10 (0.69–1.76)

0.696

0.62 (0.24–1.61)

0.321

1.15 (0.81–1.64)

0.429

 Richer

1.17 (0.74–1.82)

0.502

0.96 (0.58–1.59)

0.874

0.72 (0.23–2.22)

0.566

1.22 (0.79–1.88)

0.375

 Richest

0.96 (0.57–1.63)

0.892

0.87 (0.50–1.53)

0.633

0.70 (0.19–2.60)

0.595

1.07 (0.65–1.75)

0.790

Payment option used

 Cash

Ref

       

 Insurance

0.99 (0.79–1.26)

0.957

0.71 (0.51–0.99)

0.049

2.00 (1.25–3.18)

0.004

0.98 (0.77–1.23)

0.838

 Cash & Insurance

0.95 (0.65–1.38)

0.768

0.55 (0.33–0.93)

0.026

2.78 (1.07–7.25)

0.036

1.06 (0.73–1.53)

0.761

Service type

 Outpatient

Ref

       

 Inpatient

1.04 (0.81–1.34)

0.743

1.06 (0.75–1.49)

0.741

0.75 (0.41–1.37)

0.347

1.00 (0.79–1.27)

0.993

Type of facility

 Public

Ref

       

 Private

1.08 (0.83–1.39)

0.567

1.08 (0.79–1.48)

0.617

2.02 (1.13–3.63)

0.019

1.04 (0.80–1.33)

0.785

Ease of getting care

 Not easy

Ref

       

 Easy

4.20 (2.76–6.40)

< 0.001

2.50 (1.68–3.72)

< 0.001

2.64 (1.38–5.03)

0.003

3.25 (2.22–4.75)

< 0.001

Provider friendliness

 Not friendly

Ref

       

 Friendly

2.53 (1.68–3.82)

< 0.001

15.45 (9.72–24.56)

< 0.001

3.76 (2.10–6.72)

< 0.001

4.48 (2.95–6.81)

< 0.001

Opening hours

 Poor

Ref

       

 Fair

7.11 (3.11–16.23)

< 0.001

2.61 (1.40–4.88)

0.003

3.20 (1.27–8.03)

0.013

4.15 (2.078–8.31)

< 0.001

 Good

12.53 (5.66–27.72)

< 0.001

5.78 (3.35–9.97)

< 0.001

5.38 (2.67–10.84)

< 0.001

6.22 (3.27–11.82)

< 0.001

  1. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in the final