Determinants of community pharmacy utilisation among the adult population in Malaysia: findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019

Table 2 Characteristics of users and non-users of community pharmacy services (N=11,155)

Characteristic	Users		Non-users		p-value
Characteristic	n	weighted %	n	weighted %	p-value
*Demographic and socioeconomic*
Sex:
Male	485	40.2	4,752	50.6	< 0.001
Female	758	59.8	5,160	49.4	< 0.001
Age (years):
18-30	202	24.5	2,429	35.5	< 0.001
31-40	325	27.2	1,998	22.2
41-50	235	15.4	1,796	15.6
51-60	241	16.8	1,704	13.4
60+	240	16.0	1,985	13.3
Education level:
No formal education	50	4.8	607	5.5	< 0.001
Primary	220	15.1	2,225	20.4
Secondary	516	45.0	4,782	49.2
Tertiary	457	35.1	2,298	24.9
Marital status:
Married	940	69.6	6,649	62.3	0.001
Single^a	303	30.4	3,263	37.7	0.001
Employment status:
Active	727	60.9	5,742	62.1	0.650
Inactive	516	39.1	4,170	37.9	0.650
Income category:
Bottom 40 (B40)	811	64.2	6,998	71.1	0.010
Middle 40 (M40)	285	25.8	2,152	21.2
Top 20 (T20)	147	9.9	762	7.7
Locality:
Urban	826	81.1	5,883	74.9	0.004
Rural	417	18.9	4,029	25.1	0.004
*Health*
Self-reported health problems:
Yes	769	59.6	1,876	16.6	< 0.001
No	474	40.4	8,036	83.4	< 0.001
Self-rated health:
Excellent - Good	843	73.4	7,574	79.9	< 0.001
Fair	361	23.2	2,106	18.2
Poor – Very Poor	39	3.4	232	1.9
Presence of DM, HPT or HPC
No	429	29.3	2,772	21.3	< 0.001
Yes	814	70.7	7,140	78.7	< 0.001

ISSN: 1472-6963