Table 1 Characteristics of included literature
Study | Country | Partnership type | Sector | Methods and sample |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Adedoyin et al. (2016) | USA | Merger | Social work programmes | Journaling to report personal experiences and retrospective descriptions of the merger process |
Allen et al. (2016) | England | Joint commissioning | Healthcare | Case study with 42 interviews & documentary analysis |
Ball et al. (2010) | Scotland | Community health partnership/integrated care | Health and social care | More than 30 interviews with professionals, public, and voluntary sector; use of Partnership Assessment Tool [82] |
Care Quality Commission (2017) | England | Sustainability Transformation Partnership/Accountable Care Organisation | Health and social care | Evaluation, based on inspection reports based on visits to 25 independent sector adult social care providers and a four-day visit to the organisation |
Cereste, Doherty and Travers, (2003) | UK | Merger | Hospitals and mental health/community trusts | Focus group, and questionnaire answered by 457 trusts (mostly chief executives, finance directors, etc.) |
Community Network (2020d) | England | Provider alliance/ Integrated care | Health and social care | Summary report from a wider project – case studies (methods unknown) |
Community Network (2020e) | England | Provider alliance/ Integrated care | Health and social care | Summary report from a wider project – case studies (methods unknown) |
Community Network (2020b) | England | Provider alliance/ Integrated care | Health and social care | Summary report from a wider project – case studies (methods unknown) |
Community Network (2020a) | England | Provider alliance/ Integrated care | Health and social care | Summary report from a wider project – case studies (methods unknown) |
Community Network (2020c) | England | Provider alliance/ Integrated care | Health and social care | Summary report from a wider project – case studies (methods unknown) |
Cortvriend (2004) | England | Primary care trust | Acute care, primary care | Focus groups, with 31 participants taking part across five such groups, each containing 4–8 participants |
Crump and Edwards (2014) | England | Provider chains | Acute care | Interviews (non-NHS, n = 11; and NHS, n = 5) |
Dickinson and Glasby (2013) | England | Integrated care | Health and social care | Five case study sites, using documentary analysis, interviews, and focus groups. |
Dickinson, Peck and Davidson (2007) | England | Merger | Health and social care | Case study, 23 semi-structured interviews with range of people, from service users to CEOs |
Erens et al. (2017) | England | Integrated care | Health and social care | Case studies of 25 Integrated Care Pioneers, involving documentary analysis, qualitative interviews, and surveys |
Findlay (2019) | Scotland | Health boards | Health and social care | Literature, documentary analysis, non-participant observation, and semi-structured interviews with 44 participants |
Forbes, Evans and Scott (2010) | England and Scotland | Integrated care | Health and social care | Four case studies, two in England and two in Scotland; semi-structured interviews were used (n = 16) |
Foundation Trust Network (2014) | England | Buddying | Acute care | Twelve trusts as case studies, involved in buddying; using surveys, desk research, structured interviews and documentary analysis |
Fowler Davis, Hinde and Ariss (2020) | England | NHS Vanguards | Health and social care | Service evaluation with embedded team; qualitative in-depth interviews |
Fulop et al. (2002) | England | Merger | Health and social care | Nine trusts (cross-sectional) and four trusts (case studies); using in-depth interviews and documentary analysis |
Gannon-Leary, Baines and Wilson (2006) | England | Partnerships (mixed) | Health and social care and voluntary sector | Evaluation and literature review; narrative ‘experiential’ methodology |
Gulliver (1999) | England | Joint commissioning, mental health | Health and social care | Evaluation; narrative ‘experiential’ methodology |
Gulliver, Peck and Towell (2001) | England | Joint commissioning, mental health | Health and social care | Evaluation of a mental health service; utilising interviews with service users & staff, postal surveys, focus groups, observations, and documentary analyses |
Hearld, Alexander and Shi, (2015) | USA | Alliances | Health and social care | Case study of 16 alliances; quantitative data from surveys and qualitative interviews |
Henderson et al. (2020) | USA | Primary care network | Health and social care | Evaluations of six primary care clinics and community-based organisations; qualitative methods comprising 54 interviews and 10 focus groups, with review of 80 documents |
Idel (2003) | Israel | Merger | Acute care | Prospective study with quantitative methods; using a questionnaire; n = 128 participants |
Jones (2020) | England | Primary care network | Primary care | Report of experiences; narrative ‘experiential’ methodology |
Kershaw et al. (2018) | England | Sustainability and Transformation Partnership | Health and social care | Case study of five STPs in London; phase 1 (small scale interviews with leaders), phase 2 (26 semi-structured interviews with leaders and stakeholders) and groups discussions. |
Lalani et al.(2018) | England | Quality improvement collaborative | Acute care | Evaluation with researcher-in-residence model, based on two sites, comprising 15 semi-structured interviews |
Leach et al. (2019) | England | Buddying | Health and social care | Evaluation; using quantitative performance data and mixed methods staff survey |
Lewis (2005) | Australia | Primary care partnership | Primary care | Case study of two PCPs; using a network research methodology including both surveys and interviews with 37 people |
Lim (2014) | UK | Merger | Health and social care | Quantitative analysis of merger data from nine hospitals relating to staff job satisfaction |
Maniatopoulos et al. (2020) | UK | Vanguards (eleven different cases) | Health and social care | Comparative case studies including 66 semi-structured qualitative interviews across nine vanguards, as well as documentary analysis of included |
Mervyn, Amoo and Malby (2019) | England | Network | Health and social care | Exploratory case study employing 12 initial semi-structured interviews, a literature review, and then an additional 21 interviews with another sample |
Murray, D’Aunno and Lewis (2018) | USA | Accountable care organisation | Health and social care | Longitudinal case studies from 2012 to 2017 with two ACOs, including 115 semi-structured interviews and observational data based on 7 site visits |
Naylor, Alderwick and Honeyman (2015) | England | Integrated care | Health and social care | Five case study sites with acute hospital providers that have moved towards integrated care, utilising 39 in-depth interviews and site visits |
NHS Employers (2017) | England | Vanguards | Health and social care | In-depth case studies on three vanguards including semi-structured interviews (n = 13), focus groups (n = 3), and documentary evidence |
NHS Providers (2019) | England | Integrated care | Health and social care | A briefing by a policy organisation that uses interviews (unknown number) |
NHS Providers (2018) | England | Integrated care | Health and social care | Case studies from three health and social care partnerships in England, in the format of a series of organisational reports |
NHS Providers and NHS Clinical Commissioners (2018) | England | Joint commissioning | Health and social care | Policy report drawing on a literature review and in-depth semi-structured interviews with clinical commissioning (n = 9), national thought (n = 5) and provider leaders (n = 10) |
Peck, Towell and Gulliver (2001) | England | Joint commissioning | Health and social care | Case study of a combined Trust; using annual semi-structured interviews with managers, postal surveys with (n = 169 in 1999 and n = 143 in 2000), and exploratory workgroups |
Pickup (2004) | England | Integrated care/joint commissioning, mental health | Adult services | Case study in the format of an ‘experiential report’ |
Round et al. (2018) | England | Integrated care | Primary, acute, community, mental health and social care | Programme evaluation design; using documentary analysis, 31 stakeholder semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and observational data |
Shaw (2002) | England | Mergers | Health and social care, integrated Trust | Case study of merger of two trusts; using qualitative methods and semi-structured interviews with 42 people. Documentary analysis was also used |
Smith et al. (2020) | England | Primary care networks | Primary care | Qualitative cross-comparative case study across four sites using: rapid evidence assessment, a workshop with academics and policy experts, interviews with stakeholders, observations, survey, documentary analysis |
Southby and Gamsu (2018) | England | Integrated care, primary care networks | Primary care and voluntary and community sectors | Case study design comprising four cases, each with a GP and VCS organisation; using 18 semi-structured interviews with GPs, practice managers, practice nurses, and senior managers, and a focus group of 14 participants |
Southwark and Lambeth Integrated Care (2016) | England | Integrated care | Health and social care | Report regarding organisational experience of an integrated care programme; using evaluative as well as anecdotal evidence |
Starling (2018) | England | Vanguards | Health and social care | Case studies, interviewing 45 middle-to-senior clinical and non-clinical leaders and evaluators across eight vanguard sites |
Steininger et al. (2016) | Austria | Hospital merger | Acute care | Qualitative case study of the merge of IT systems; involving interviews with 40 stakeholders |
The King’s Fund (2005) | England | Joint commissioning | Community care | Report as part of an evaluation; observation and interviews were used (unclear quantities) |
Timmins (2019) | England | Integrated care | Health and social care | Analysis of leaders’ experiences with integrated care and collaboration in a report format; based on interviews with 16 chairs and leads |