Table 3 Health resources use for each year per patient
From: Costs and healthcare utilisation of patients with chronic kidney disease in Spain
2015 | 2016 | P2016–2015 | 2017 | P2017–2015 | 2018 | P2018–2015 | 2019 | P2019–2015 | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | |||||
Primary care visits | 12.4 | 14.8 | 10.6 | 12.3 | < 0.001 | 9.2 | 10.4 | < 0.001 | 8.4 | 9.6 | < 0.001 | 7.5 | 8.3 | < 0.001 | 48.1 | 55.8 |
Specialized care visits | 1.9 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 4.3 | < 0.001 | 1.0 | 4.2 | < 0.001 | 0.9 | 4.1 | < 0.001 | 0.7 | 3.9 | < 0.001 | 5.6 | 7.2 |
Emergency room visits | 0.7 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 2.6 | < 0.001 | 0.5 | 2.1 | < 0.001 | 0.5 | 2.1 | < 0.001 | 0.4 | 1.9 | < 0.001 | 2.7 | 4.5 |
Laboratory requests | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.5 | < 0.001 | 0.7 | 1.5 | < 0.001 | 0.6 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 0.6 | 1.3 | < 0.001 | 3.4 | 5.1 |
Radiology and other tests | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.3 | – | 0.6 | 1.4 | – | 0.7 | 1.5 | < 0.001 | 0.7 | 1.5 | < 0.001 | 3.2 | 4.2 |
Hospitalization | ||||||||||||||||
- Days (all patients) | 5.7 | 10.6 | 5.1 | 10.5 | < 0.001 | 4.8 | 10.4 | < 0.001 | 3.9 | 10.3 | < 0.001 | 4.1 | 10.3 | < 0.001 | 23.6 | 37.6 |
- Hospitalized patients, n (%) | 12,203 (27.6) | 10,832 (24.5) | < 0.001 | 10,081 (22.8) | < 0.001 | 9727 (22.0) | < 0.001 | 9373 (21.2) | < 0.001 | 19,108 (43.2) | ||||||
- Days (for patients hospitalized) | 16.4 | 10.6 | 16.5 | 10.6 | 0.161 | 16.7 | 10.70 | < 0.001 | 16.8 | 11.0 | < 0.001 | 17.0 | 11.2 | < 0.001 | 4.2 | 23.6 |
- Frequency of hospitalization, n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 32,011 (72.4) | 32,497 (73.5) | < 0.001 | 33,515 (75.8) | < 0.001 | 34,089 (77.1) | < 0.001 | 34,398 (77.8) | < 0.001 | 25,106 (57.0) | ||||||
1 | 10,302 (23.3) | 9904 (22.4) | 0.001 | 8754 (19.8) | < 0.001 | 8091 (18.3) | < 0.001 | 7783 (17.6) | < 0.001 | 6986 (15.8) | ||||||
2 | 1636 (3.7) | 1680 (3.8) | 0.434 | 1724 (3.9) | 0.12 | 1769 (4.0) | 0.02 | 1724 (3.9) | 0.12 | 5261 (11.9) | ||||||
3+ | 265 (0.6) | 133 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 221 (0.5) | 0.044 | 265 (0.6) | 0.999 | 309 (0.7) | 0.064 | 6862 (15.5) | ||||||
Disability | ||||||||||||||||
Days of disability | 0.3 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 4.5 | – | 0.4 | 5.6 | 0.003 | 0.4 | 5.9 | 0.004 | 0.4 | 5.9 | 0.004 | 1.9 | 17.5 |
Average days of sick leave (disability only) | 41.3 | 42.3 | 42.4 | 43.6 | < 0.001 | 45.3 | 46.5 | < 0.001 | 44.2 | 47.1 | < 0.001 | 46.1 | 47.6 | < 0.001 | 60.3 | 63.4 |
Patients with disability, n (%) | 354 (0.8) | 354 (0.8) | – | 398 (0.9) | 0.105 | 442 (1.0) | 0.002 | 398 (0.9) | 0.105 | 1326 (3.0) | ||||||
Mortality, n (%) | 3847 (8.7) | 3007 (6.8) | < 0.001 | 2432 (5.5) | < 0.001 | 2166 (4.9) | < 0.001 | 1901 (4.3) | < 0.001 | 13,353 (30.2) | ||||||
Patients alive at the end of the year, n | 40,367 | 37,360 | – | 34,928 | – | 32,762 | – | 30,861 | – | – | ||||||