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Table 2 Longitudinal modelling on respondent’s WHO-5 index scores (n = 192)

From: Holding the frontline: a cross-sectional survey of emergency department staff well-being and psychological distress in the course of the COVID-19 outbreak

 

Mean (SD)

Beta coefficient

SE

95% CI

p

Period

    

< 0.001

Pre COVID-19 outbreak

73.9 (13.9)

Reference

   

Peak of first COVID-19 wave

59.8 (18.6)

−14.1

1.2

−16.6 to −11.7

< 0.001

Post first COVID-19 wave

70.2 (16.6)

−3.7

1.0

−5.6 to −1.7

< 0.001

  1. SD Standard Deviation, SE Standard Error, CI Confidence Interval.