Table 6 Use and cost of any dental services: difference-in-differences analyses
% Change Rate [exp(b)-1] | Any Dental: Diff-in-Diff (2016Q1 - 2017Q4 vs. Baseline All) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total # of Patient Quarters = 1,236,967 | Utilization: ZINB model | Cost: two-part model | ||
Covariates | Inflate (0 vs. 1) | Count | Logit (1 vs. 0) | GLM |
Age (ref: 0 to 5) | ||||
6 to 12 | −0.218*** (0.008) | − 0.003 (0.006) | 0.267*** (0.013) | − 0.006 (0.005) |
13 to 18 | −0.112*** (0.008) | − 0.052*** (0.008) | 0.110*** (0.011) | − 0.028*** (0.004) |
Gender (ref: Female) | ||||
Male | −0.002 (0.007) | − 0.006* (0.003) | 0.001 (0.007) | −0.003 (0.003) |
Race/Ethnicity (ref: White) | ||||
Hispanic Non-White | −0.027*** (0.008) | −0.007* (0.004) | 0.026*** (0.008) | −0.010*** (0.003) |
Other | 0.110*** (0.014) | 0.006 (0.008) | −0.096*** (0.012) | 0.008* (0.004) |
Coverage Days (ref: < 30 days) | ||||
30–59 days | −0.051*** (0.018) | − 0.038* (0.019) | 0.045** (0.020) | −0.037*** (0.013) |
60–89 days | − 0.064*** (0.019) | −0.035*** (0.013) | 0.062*** (0.023) | −0.028* (0.014) |
> = 90 days | − 0.102*** (0.016) | − 0.033** (0.013) | 0.105*** (0.020) | − 0.030*** (0.011) |
Other county-level covariates | ||||
Uninsured %Point (1–100) | −0.005 (0.003) | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.005 (0.003) | 0.000 (0.001) |
# Dentist/100 k population | 0.000 (0.001) | −0.000 (0.000) | −0.000 (0.001) | − 0.000 (0.000) |
Population/Square Miles | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000** (0.000) | −0.000 (0.000) | 0.000*** (0.000) |
PREDICT (ref: Control) | 0.007 (0.019) | −0.014** (0.006) | −0.010 (0.018) | − 0.012* (0.006) |
Post-intervention Quarters (ref: baseline all) | ||||
2016Q1 | 0.076*** (0.009) | −0.010 (0.015) | −0.069*** (0.008) | − 0.015 (0.016) |
2016Q2 | 0.040** (0.020) | −0.001 (0.014) | −0.038** (0.018) | − 0.004 (0.012) |
2016Q3 | 0.067*** (0.023) | −0.004 (0.019) | −0.062*** (0.021) | − 0.009 (0.014) |
2016Q4 | 0.072*** (0.017) | 0.002 (0.016) | −0.065*** (0.017) | 0.008 (0.014) |
2017Q1 | 0.075** (0.031) | 0.038** (0.018) | −0.065** (0.026) | 0.020 (0.014) |
2017Q2 | 0.054* (0.029) | 0.002 (0.022) | −0.050* (0.025) | −0.003 (0.018) |
2017Q3 | 0.046 (0.040) | −0.002 (0.016) | −0.041 (0.036) | − 0.017 (0.015) |
2017Q4 | 0.058 (0.039) | 0.019 (0.017) | −0.048 (0.035) | −0.000 (0.011) |
Interaction Effect (ref: Control at baseline all) | ||||
PREDICT/2016Q1 | −0.030** (0.015) | 0.011 (0.019) | 0.030* (0.016) | 0.015 (0.020) |
PREDICT/2016Q2 | 0.011 (0.019) | 0.011 (0.015) | −0.008 (0.019) | 0.015 (0.014) |
PREDICT/2016Q3 | −0.009 (0.027) | 0.028 (0.020) | 0.015 (0.029) | 0.027* (0.015) |
PREDICT/2016Q4 | −0.021 (0.017) | 0.005 (0.023) | 0.022 (0.019) | −0.011 (0.018) |
PREDICT/2017Q1 | −0.046** (0.019) | −0.014 (0.015) | 0.047** (0.022) | −0.003 (0.014) |
PREDICT/2017Q2 | −0.003 (0.019) | 0.022 (0.023) | 0.007 (0.019) | 0.011 (0.020) |
PREDICT/2017Q3 | −0.004 (0.025) | 0.053*** (0.019) | 0.010 (0.026) | 0.053*** (0.017) |
PREDICT/2017Q4 | −0.021 (0.019) | −0.014 (0.015) | 0.017 (0.020) | −0.002 (0.010) |
Constant | 3.963*** (0.378) | 4.432*** (0.267) | −0.819*** (0.013) | 136.064*** (4.135) |