Table 2 Summary of interview responses to the questions relating to the current status and approach to implementing Patient Blood Management on the national or local level
From: Making patient blood management the new norm(al) as experienced by implementors in diverse countries
| Â | Australia | Brazil | China | Croatia | Greece | Lebanon | Mexico | Saudi Arabia | South Africa | South Korea | Switzerland | Turkey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUS | BRA | CHN | HRV | GRE | LBN | MEX | SAU | ZAF | KOR | CHE | TUR | |
Stage | MATURE; National Policy; Broad uptake | INITIATION; Scattered individual leadership | ADVANCED; National Drive | INITIATION; Specialist society drive | INITIATION; National drive through BB | INITIATION; individual initiatives | INITIATION; national project and coordinator | INITIATION; in some hospitals / institutions | INITIATION; individual initiatives. | ADVANCED; implementa-tion project; strong PBM society | INITIATION / ADVANCED; in some hospitals / institutions | ADVANCED; Broad awareness through cross- specialty implementation project |
Approach | ||||||||||||
 Top Down | NBA; States Legal framework, standards & guidance Quality certification | N.A. | National Health Commission, PBM as part of blood supply & demand strategy | MoH informed Some coordination by specialist society (network) | National BB (with MoH) and in cooperation with hospital managers | Original political drive suspended due to political situation | National project with Quality certification | National interest group, but not much coordination | N.A. | National drive: collaboration program for pilots, data collection, and setting standards | Limited due to strong federal healthcare policy structure | EU Project for PBM implement-tation |
 Bottom up | Initially driven by individual leadership and multi-disciplinary teams in hospitals | Individual Leadership | Clinical champions in leading pilot hospitals | Clinical/ de-partmental champions | Individual initiatives in some hospitals / institutions | Individual initiatives in some hospitals / institutions | Coordinated bottom up | Introduced in some hospitals / institutions | Individual initiatives | Individual initiatives in single hospitals over past 10 years | Strong in a few leading hospitals based on individual leadership | Leading institutions, broad awareness through specialist societies |