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Table 2 Mean of health service use and expenditure in 2014 by number of NCD(s)

From: Effect of multimorbidity on utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditure in Indonesia: quantile regression analysis

Outcomes

All participants

No NCD

One NCD

Two NCDs

Three or more NCDs

N = 13,798

N = 5197

N = 5568

N = 2006

N = 1027

Health care utilisation

 Individual reported outpatient care (%)

20.80 (20.08–21.55)

13.31 (12.26–14.39)

19.96 (18.77–21.14)

32.12 (29.90–34.34)

44.83 (41.64–48.02)

 Frequency of outpatient care

0.39 (0.37–0.42)

0.21 (0.19–0.24)

0.35 (0.32–0.38)

0.68 (0.61–0.74)

1.08 (0.96–1.21)

 Individual reported inpatient care (%)

4.35 (4.01–4.69)

1.83 (1.46–2.15)

3.85 (3.32–4.38)

7.82 (6.63–9.00)

14.34 (11.93–16.75)

 Frequency of inpatient care

0.60 (0.05–0.06)

0.02 (0.02–0.03)

0.05 (0.04–0.05)

0.11 (0.09–0.13)

0.24 (0.18–0.30)

Out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE)

 Any OOPE (%)

15.70 (15.02–16.38)

10.76 (9.79–11.72)

15.43 (14.36–16.50)

22.62 (20.57–24.67)

30.94 (27.89–33.99)

 OOPE for outpatient carea

$29.0 (19.7–38.4)

$17.2 (13.9–20.5)

$23.5 (16.6–30.5)

$46.7 (8.5–85.0)

$37.5 (16.5–58.4)

 OOPE for inpatient careb

$877 (632.9–1121.3)

$774.6 (500.9–1048.2)

$655.6 (406.3–904.9)

$607.7 (324.5–890.9)

$1594.3 (670.4–2518.1)

 Average four-weekly OOPE c

$38.7 (29.7–47.6)

$23.1 (18.2–28.0)

$29.8 (22.7–36.8)

$51.1 (17.4–84.8)

$69.3 (40.3–98.4)

  1. NCDs non-communicable diseases, OOPE out-of-pocket expenditure
  2. aIn the last 4 weeks. Respondents who reported outpatient care = 2894
  3. bIn the last 12 months. Respondents who reported inpatient care = 630
  4. cDetailed explanation of the calculation of four-weekly OOPE is available in the method section. Respondents who reported out/inpatient care(s) = 3243
  5. Values are unweighted counts and weighted percentages
  6. Bootstrapping with 500 times replications was performed to estimate the standard error. Numbers in bracket represent the 95% confidence interval