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Table 1 Frequencies of individual-level characteristics (N = 12,787 resident-quarters) as well as bivariate statistics for all-cause transfer (n = 2290) and potentially avoidable hospitalizations (n = 487)

From: Facility and resident characteristics associated with variation in nursing home transfers: evidence from the OPTIMISTIC demonstration project

 

Overall (N = 12,787)

Payment + Clinical Model Facilities (n = 5555)

All-cause Transfer (n = 2290)

Potentially Avoidable Hospitalization (n = 487)

%

%

%

P

%

P

Resident-Quarters by Time Period

 April–June 2017

21.0

20.8

20.0

0.269

18.3

0.672

 July–September 2017

20.4

20.3

19.4

 

21.4

 

 October–December 2017

20.3

20.2

21.3

 

20.5

 

 January–March 2018

19.4

19.5

20.3

 

19.7

 

 April–June 2018

19.0

19.2

19.0

 

20.1

 

Age

 ≤ 64 years

9.9

9.1

15.9

< 0.001

15.4

< 0.001

 65–74 years

16.6

14.8

19.1

 

20.3

 

 75–84 years

28.7

28.0

29.7

 

33.3

 

 85–94 years

35.8

38.2

29.5

 

26.9

 

 ≥ 95 years

9.0

10.0

5.7

 

4.1

 

Gender

 Male

30.8

29.1

37.0

< 0.001

37.4

0.001

 Female

69.2

70.9

63.0

 

62.6

 

Race/ethnicity

 White

84.8

93.7

82.6

0.001

81.1

0.067

 Black

13.7

5.2

16.1

 

17.3

 

 Other

1.5

1.1

1.3

 

1.6

 

Medicare-Medicaid Dual Eligibility

 Medicare Eligible Only

24.9

28.0

29.6

< 0.001

33.5

< 0.001

 Dual Eligible

75.1

72.0

70.4

 

66.5

 

Cognitive Functioning Scale (CFS)

 CFS 1

30.9

32.2

39.0

< 0.001

40.7

< 0.001

 CFS 2

22.9

24.3

24.5

 

25.5

 

 CFS 3

38.9

37.7

30.7

 

30.8

 

 CFS 4

7.3

5.8

5.9

 

3.1

 

Changes in Health, End-stage disease and Symptoms and Signs (CHESS)

 0

35.2

41.6

28.8

< 0.001

23.6

< 0.001

 1

34.7

33.7

34.3

 

34.5

 

 2

22.7

19.2

26.1

 

29.9

 

 3

6.4

4.7

9.1

 

10.7

 

 4

1.0

0.8

1.8

 

2.3

 

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

 1st Quartile (≤ 17)

29.6

36.8

27.6

0.010

28.1

0.479

 2nd Quartile (18–19)

25.1

26.4

26.4

 

27.5

 

 3rd Quartile (20–21)

32.7

25.9

31.9

 

30.8

 

 4th Quartile (22–28)

12.6

10.9

14.1

 

13.6

 

Presence of Chronic Conditions

 Acute Myocardial Infarction

9.2

8.4

12.6

< 0.001

16.2

< 0.001

 Alzheimer’s Disease / Dementia

81.3

80.1

75.2

< 0.001

77.6

0.035

 Chronic Kidney Disease

57.9

56.4

68.0

< 0.001

71.5

< 0.001

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

42.1

42.5

52.0

< 0.001

57.3

< 0.001

 Congestive Heart Failure

56.7

58.0

63.3

< 0.001

68.6

< 0.001

 Diabetes

50.1

49.9

56.2

< 0.001

61.4

< 0.001

 Ischemic Heart Disease

62.9

63.1

66.6

< 0.001

73.1

< 0.001

 Depression

74.5

73.0

76.1

0.050

78.4

0.042

 Osteoporosis

38.0

38.8

32.7

< 0.001

30.6

0.001

 Stroke / Transient Ischemic Attack

36.3

36.0

38.6

0.012

41.1

0.026

 Hypertension

89.3

89.0

88.2

0.046

87.5

0.176

 Never Married

13.1

12.7

14.6

< 0.001

14.8

0.014

 Married

20.8

21.0

21.5

 

23.8

 

 Widowed

44.5

48.8

40.5

 

37.4

 

 Not Married

21.6

17.5

23.4

 

24.0

 
  1. Results are provided for the resident-quarter level. Residents were included in the analyses if they were eligible for at least 1 day of the quarter. On average, residents contributed 2.5 quarters during the study period (standard deviation [SD] ±1.5) and 907 (7.1%) residents died (average eligibility 2.6 quarters, SD ±1.3). Results provide descriptions of the population by the percent of resident-quarter observations for given characteristics, and by residents experiencing at least one all-cause transfer or PAH during a given quarter
  2. Abbreviations: CHESS Changes in Health, End-stage disease and Symptoms and Signs, ADLs Activities of Daily Living