Table 1 Description of studies retained by the literature review
From: Effect of burnout among physicians on observed adverse patient outcomes: a literature review
Study | Country | Design | Sample | N | Response rate | Measured dimensions of burnout | Observed measure on quality of care | Association with burnout |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fahrenkopf et al. 2008 [22] | USA | Observational prospective cohort study | Paediatric residents | 246 | 50% | EE and DPa | Missing or wrong prescription of drugs | Not associated with adverse patient treatment |
Zantinge et al. 2009 [23] | Netherlands | Observation of video-recorded consultations and questionnaire | GPs | 142 | 89% | EE, DP and PAb | Length of consultations, level of verbal communication, eye contact, and focus on psychosocial issues | PA associated with GPs communicating less affectively, being less patient-centred and less eye contact. EE and DP not associated with adverse patient treatment |
Kushnir et al. 2014 [24] | Israel | Cross-sectional observational study | GPs/Primary care | 136 | 99% | EE, DP and PAc | Number of referrals for diagnostic imaging, specialized health services or nurse sensitive treatments | Associated with more referrals |
Yuguero Torres et al. 2015 [25] | Spain | Prospective observational study (1 year) | GPs | 217 | 50% | EE, DP and PAd | Number of prescribed sick leaves | Not associated with prescribing more or longer sick leaves |
Garrouste-Orgeas et al. 2015 [26] | France | Prospective observational study (2-year) | Doctors, nurses and care workers in intensive care unit | 1988 (330 doctors) | 77% | EE, DP and PAe | Medical errors (i.e., error of execution or error of planning). Adverse events were patient harms caused by medical interventions. | Not associated with adverse patient treatment |
Welp et al. 2015 [19] | Switzerland | Observational study | Doctors and nurses in intensive care unit | 1425 (243 doctors) | Not specified | EE, DP and PAf | Length of stay in hospital and standardized mortality ratio | Associated with increased standardized mortality ratio, but not length of stay |
Pedersen et al. 2015 [27] | Denmark | Register study and questionnaire | GPs | 835 | 72% | EE, DP and PAg | Number of requisitions for PSA among healthy male patients | Not associated with increased requisitions for PSA |
Kwah et al. 2016 [28] | USA | Prospective observational study (1 year) | First-year residents in internal medicine | 54 | 98% (initial), 59% (cohort) | EE and DPh | Medication prescription errors with potential for adverse drug effects | Not associated with increase in medical errors |
Sun et al. 2017 [29] | USA | Cross-sectional observational study | Primary care | 102 | Not specified | EE, DP and PAf | Antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory infections | Not associated with increase in prescriptions |
Noroxe et al. 2019 [20] | Denmark | Prospective observational study (6 months) | GPs | 781 | 50.2% | EE, DP and PAi | Conditions not requiring hospitalization in the case of appropriate intervention in primary care (ambulatory care sensitive conditions) | Associated with increased frequency of hospitalizations of ambulatory care sensitive conditions |
Noroxe et al. 2019 [21] | Denmark | Prospective observational study (6 months) | GPs | 409 | 50.2% | EE, DP and PAi | Change of GP (unrelated to change of address) | Associated with increased likelihood of changing GPs |