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Table 2 Sample description

From: Variation in restraint use between hospitals: a multilevel analysis of multicentre prevalence measurements in Switzerland and Austria

Characteristics

Total (n = 29,477)

Switzerland (n = 20,561)

Austria (n = 8916)

Institutional level

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

Guidelines regarding restraint use (yes)

21,694

73.6 (73.1–74.1)

14,318

69.6 (69.0–70.3)

7376

82.7 (81.9–83.5)

Multi-disciplinary expert committee (yes)

12,575

42.7 (42.1–43.2)

7302

35.5 (34.9–36.2)

5273

59.1 (58.1–60.2)

Ward level

      

 Regular audits (yes)

20,126

68.3 (67.7–68.8)

13,893

67.6 (66.9–68.2)

6233

69.9 (68.9–70.9)

 Refresher course (yes)

6209

21.1 (20.6–21.5)

2280

11.1 (10.7–11.5)

3929

44.1 (43.0–45.1)

Patient level

median

IQR

median

IQR

median

IQR

Age in years

70

24

70

23

69

23

Number of days since admission to hospital

5

9

5

9

5

10

Care Dependency Scale (sum score)

71

15

70

15

74

11

 

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

Female gender

14,504

49.2 (48.6–49.8)

9902

48.2 (47.5–48.8)

4602

51.6 (50.6–52.7)

Surgical intervention in the 2 weeks prior to data collection (yes)

10,542

35.8 (35.2–36.3)

8318

40.5 (39.8–41.1)

2224

24.9 (24.0–25.9)

Three most frequent ICD-10 diagnosis groups (multiple responses)

Diseases of the circulatory system

16,245

55.1 (54.5–55.7)

11,756

57.2 (56.5–57.9)

4489

50.3 (49.3–51.4)

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

9886

33.5 (33.0–34.1)

7023

34.2 (33.5–34.8)

2863

32.1 (31.1–33.1)

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

9834

33.4 (32.8–33.9)

7543

36.7 (36.0–37.3)

2291

25.7 (24.8–26.6)

Restraint (yes)

2577

8.7 (8.4–9.1)

2171

10.6 (10.1–11.0)

406

4.6 (4.1–5.0)

  1. IQR interquartile range, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, ICD-10 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision