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Table 2 Costs per day of a terminal hospitalizations according to patient demographic and clinical characteristics

From: The association between varying levels of palliative care involvement on costs during terminal hospitalizations in Canada from 2012 to 2015

Category

n

Costs median (IQR)

Palliative care involvement

 No involvement

95,450

1154 (888–1882)

 Low involvement

94,849

1032 (856–1486)

 Medium-high involvement

60,341

726 (661–875)

Age

 18–40

4401

1834 (1040–2974)

 41–55

16,778

1186 (818–2221)

 56–70

54,974

1050 (779–1803)

 71–85

104,250

981 (783–1419)

 85+

70,237

911 (768–1139)

Sex

 F

118,534

957 (771–1352)

 M

132,106

1001 (790–1520)

Rurality

 Non-rural

201,077

985 (781–1464)

 Rural

49,563

955 (774–1317)

Province

 AB

29,562

1250 (1022–1684)

 BC

41,283

947 (770–1303)

 MB

15,244

911 (748–1225)

 NB

10,992

797 (657–1015)

 NL

7199

957 (774–1268)

 NS

13,494

877 (718–1145)

 ON

118,410

949 (761–1481)

 PE

1856

919 (757–1161)

 SK

12,600

1103 (897–1504)

Number of comorbidities

 0

25,186

1073 (823–1784)

 1

84,879

894 (717–1228)

 2

64,604

975 (787–1408)

 3+

75,971

1054 (848–1582)

Heart failure

 No

198,130

961 (758–1433)

 Yes

52,510

1031 (863–1446)

COPD

 No

210,909

966 (769–1433)

 Yes

39,731

1024 (849–1444)

HIV

 No

250,222

977 (780–1434)

 Yes

418

1440 (1015–2344)

Liver failure

 No

234,544

966 (774–1393)

 Yes

16,096

1220 (907–2091)

Metastatic cancer

 No

197,906

1037 (824–1588)

 Yes

52,734

815 (694–1033)

Major neurocognitive disorders

 No

231,391

967 (775–1384)

 Yes

19,249

1207 (857–2247)

Kidney failure

 No

227,510

972 (773–1435)

 Yes

23,130

1031 (845–1440)

Van Walraven Index

 Quartile −14-3

58,870

1047 (816–1636)

 Quartile 4–8

65,252

991 (786–1496)

 Quartile 9–15

60,678

1010 (819–1473)

 Quartile 16+

65,840

897 (726–1197)

Hospital Length of Stay

 0–3

56,892

1062 (745–1643)

 4–7

64,081

985 (823–1371)

 8–20

66,797

972 (805–1389)

 30+

62,870

929 (747–1325)

ICU stay

 No

175,338

877 (727–1077)

 Yes

75,302

1808 (1146–2788)

Mechanical ventilation

 No

198,618

895 (740–1103)

 Yes

52,022

2350 (1647–3151)

CPR

 No

236,984

956 (770–1343)

 Yes

13,656

2009 (1366–2926)

Defibrillation

 No

245,468

969 (776–1394)

 Yes

5172

2310 (1508–3352)

Dialysis

 No

238,780

960 (771–1359)

 Yes

11,860

2035 (1294–3042)

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

 No

248,024

973 (778–1409)

 Yes

2616

3611 (2560–5087)

Feeding tube

 No

244,014

969 (775–1402)

 Yes

6626

1609 (1114–2577)

Blood transfusion

 No

250,439

978 (780–1435)

 Yes

201

1580 (1004–2949)

Bronchoscopy

 No

247,376

972 (777–1406)

 Yes

3264

2604 (1757–3206)

Any active interventiona

 No

185,743

881 (730–1074)

 Yes

64,897

2088 (1396–2981)

Major surgeryb

 No

203,572

902 (744–1134)

 Yes

47,068

2046 (1435–2999)

  1. Abbreviations: F Female, M Male, AB Alberta, BC British Columbia, MB Manitoba, NB New Brunswick, NL Newfoundland, NS Nova Scotia, ON Ontario, PE Prince Edward Island, SK Saskatchewan, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, ICU Intensive care unit, CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  2. aAny active intervention is defined as any of the following: mechanical ventilation, CPR, defibrillation, dialysis, percutaneous coronary intervention, feeding tube, blood transfusion, and bronchoscopy
  3. bMajor surgery is defined according to anatomic site: abdominal, cardiac, retroperitoneal, thoracic and vascular [12]