Status, causes and consequences of physicians’ self-perceived professional reputation damage in China: a cross-sectional survey

Table 5 Hierarchical linear regression models for withdrawal behaviors

Variables	Defensive medicine		Turnover intention		Career choice advice
Variables	M₁(β)	M₂(β)	M₃(β)	M₄(β)	M₅(β)	M₆(β)
Control variables
Age	0.117	0.129	−0.083	− 0.067	− 0.119	− 0.096
Sex	− 0.242	− 0.224^**	−0.013	0.012	0.011	0.046
Marital status	−0.023	−0.028	0.015	0.007	−0.010	−0.021
Service Years	0.079	0.073	0.079	0.071	−0.007	−0.019
Hospital level	−0.012	0.000	0.058	0.075^*	−0.026	−0.003
Education level	0.048	0.035	−0.038	−0.057	− 0.049	−0.075^*
Professional title	−0.050	−0.065	0.077	0.055	0.117	0.087
Monthly income	−0.052	−0.025	− 0.173^***	−0.134^***	− 0.127^*	−0.074
Independent variable
Self-perceived professional reputation damage		0.172^***		0.240^***		0.332^**
F	9.471^***	11.552^***	4.646^***	9.940^***	2.486^*	13.443^***
R²	0.083^***	0.111^***	0.043^***	0.097^***	0.023^*	0.127^***
△R²	0.083^***	0.028^***	0.043^***	0.054^***	0.023^*	0.104^***

Notes-M_1, M_3,M₅: the influence of demographic variables on the Defensive medicine, Turnover intention and Career choice advice; M_2,M_4,M₆: the influence of Self-perceived professional reputation damage on on the Defensive medicine, Turnover intention and Career choice advice; Notes-hierarchical linear regression ^* p < 0.05 (2-tailed), ^** p < 0.01 (2-tailed), ^*** p < 0.001 (2-tailed)

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