Workplace factors associated with mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international cross-sectional study

Khajuria, Ankur; Tomaszewski, Wojtek; Liu, Zhongchun; Chen, Jian-hua; Mehdian, Roshana; Fleming, Simon; Vig, Stella; Crawford, Mike J.

doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06279-6

Table 2 Frequency of symptoms of depression by categories of covariates

From: Workplace factors associated with mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international cross-sectional study

	None of the time		Rarely		Some of the time		Often		All the time		Total		K-W test (chi sq (df), p-value)
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	K-W test (chi sq (df), p-value)
Total	349	13.8	603	23.9	1122	44.4	385	15.2	68	2.7	2527	100
Country
China	247	20.4	347	28.6	546	45.0	68	5.6	5	0.4	1213	100	259.749 (3) < 0.001
UK	79	8.9	180	20.2	366	41.1	221	24.8	45	5.1	891	100
US	8	3.2	36	14.3	127	50.4	70	27.8	11	4.4	252	100
Other	15	8.8	40	23.4	83	48.5	26	15.2	7	4.1	171	100
Sex
Male	106	21.0	123	24.3	197	38.9	70	13.8	10	2.0	506	100	18.209 (1) < 0.001
Female	243	12.0	480	23.8	925	45.8	315	15.6	58	2.9	2021	100	18.209 (1) < 0.001
Age
18–25	44	16.0	80	29.1	112	40.7	29	10.6	10	3.6	275	100	12.688 (4) p = 0.013
26–33	124	13.5	219	23.9	418	45.6	138	15.1	17	1.9	916	100
34–40	57	10.8	116	22.0	246	46.7	91	17.3	17	3.2	527	100
41–48	69	14.9	116	25.0	191	41.2	76	16.4	12	2.6	464	100
49+	55	15.9	72	20.9	155	44.9	51	14.8	12	3.5	345	100
Living arrangements
Lives with others	313	14.1	547	24.6	980	44.1	322	14.5	62	2.8	2224	100	8.316 (1) p = 0.004
Lives alone	36	11.9	56	18.5	142	46.9	63	20.8	6	2.0	303	100	8.316 (1) p = 0.004
Role
Doctors	122	14.0	208	23.8	373	42.7	144	16.5	27	3.1	874	100	20.020 (2) < 0.001
Nurses	201	14.7	340	24.9	616	45.1	177	13.0	33	2.4	1367	100
Other	26	9.1	55	19.2	133	46.5	64	22.4	8	2.8	286	100
Involved in care of person who died of COVID-19
No	268	16.2	424	25.6	743	44.8	194	11.7	28	1.7	1657	100	69.613 (1) < 0.001
Yes	81	9.3	179	20.6	379	43.6	191	22.0	40	4.6	870	100	69.613 (1) < 0.001
Redeployment
Not redeployed	215	14.6	353	23.9	644	43.6	230	15.6	36	2.4	1478	100	58.221 (4) < 0.001
Redeployment: area
General medicine	26	6.9	75	19.8	169	44.7	90	23.8	18	4.8	378	100
Emergency medicine	11	12.1	23	25.3	35	38.5	20	22.0	2	2.2	91	100
ICU	15	5.2	52	18.1	134	46.7	70	24.4	16	5.6	287	100
Other	92	17.4	135	25.5	246	46.5	46	8.7	10	1.9	529	100
Redeployment: training received													77.287 (2) < 0.001
No training/ not satisfied	46	8.8	90	17.2	245	46.9	112	21.4	30	5.7	523	100
Satisfied with training	88	16.7	160	30.4	233	44.3	43	8.2	2	0.4	526	100
PPE: perceived risk
Low	323	15.7	534	25.9	919	44.6	255	12.4	28	1.4	2059	100	140.574 (1) < 0.001
High	26	5.6	69	14.7	203	43.4	130	27.8	40	8.6	468	100	140.574 (1) < 0.001
Support in area/ specialty
Adequate	328	15.6	557	26.5	929	44.2	260	12.4	28	1.3	2102	100	175.358 (1) < 0.001
Poor	21	4.9	46	10.8	193	45.4	125	29.4	40	9.4	425	100	175.358 (1) < 0.001
Mental health support
Adequate	253	16.8	420	27.9	669	44.4	142	9.4	23	1.5	1507	100	132.022 (1) < 0.001
Poor	96	9.4	183	17.9	453	44.4	243	23.8	45	4.4	1020	100	132.022 (1) < 0.001

‘Other’ roles include allied healthcare professionals, interns, and hospital management/administrative staff; ‘Other’ redeployment includes contingency planning and telehealth
K-W test Kruskal-Wallis H Test, chi sq Chis squared statistic, df Degrees of freedom, ICU Intensive Care Unit, PPE Personal Protective Equipment

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ISSN: 1472-6963

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