Table 5 Average marginal effects (AMEs) of the independent variables on the total OOPP burden
From: The out-of-pocket burden of chronic diseases: the cases of Belgian, Czech and German older adults
Variables | Total OOPP burden | ||
|---|---|---|---|
BE | CZ | DE | |
Male gendera | −0.412*** (0.0773) | −0.322*** (0.0603) | − 0.210** (0.0773) |
Ageb | |||
• 65–79 | 0.202* (0.0807) | − 0.113 (0.0675) | 0.0679 (0.0778) |
• 80+ | 0.351** (0.134) | −0.122 (0.109) | 0.229 (0.143) |
Marital statusc | |||
• separated | − 0.119 (0.107) | 0.0750 (0.104) | − 0.0372 (0.133) |
• never married | −0.133 (0.213) | − 0.103 (0.201) | − 0.0241 (0.169) |
• widowed | −0.407*** (0.100) | −0.112 (0.0842) | − 0.163 (0.110) |
Educationd | |||
• secondary | 0.182 (0.0955) | 0.217*** (0.0614) | 0.272* (0.124) |
• tertiary | 0.258** (0.0953) | 0.513*** (0.0908) | 0.463*** (0.136) |
Incomee | |||
• 2nd quartile | −1.030*** (0.139) | −0.581*** (0.106) | − 0.134 (0.134) |
• 3rd quartile | −1.623*** (0.138) | −0.981*** (0.103) | − 0.460*** (0.123) |
• 4th quartile | −2.241*** (0.135) | −1.379*** (0.0997) | −1.011*** (0.117) |
Heart attack | 0.611*** (0.103) | 0.556*** (0.0887) | 0.365** (0.118) |
High blood pressure | 0.359*** (0.0771) | 0.376*** (0.0600) | 0.336*** (0.0822) |
High blood cholesterol | 0.209** | 0.0339 | −0.104 |
(0.0782) | (0.0686) | (0.0882) | |
Stroke | 0.281 (0.187) | 0.280 (0.155) | 0.328 (0.169) |
Diabetes | 0.478*** (0.106) | 0.379*** (0.0724) | 0.0795 (0.0959) |
Lung disease | 0.588*** (0.126) | 0.149 (0.107) | 0.586*** (0.163) |
Cancer | 0.619*** (0.147) | 0.333** (0.127) | 0.726*** (0.177) |
Ulcer | 0.226 (0.133) | 0.0990 (0.149) | 0.0462 (0.189) |
Parkinson | 1.584*** (0.355) | 0.524* (0.252) | 0.486 (0.341) |
Cataracts | 0.398** (0.147) | 0.254* (0.101) | 0.140 (0.140) |
Alzheimer | 0.132 (0.262) | −0.101 (0.203) | 0.271 (0.233) |
Emotional disorders | 0.708*** (0.127) | 0.375** (0.128) | 0.330* (0.144) |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | 0.393** (0.141) | 0.212* (0.0976) | 0.311** (0.110) |
Osteoarthritis | 0.589*** (0.0787) | 0.457*** (0.0650) | 0.276** (0.0914) |
Chronic kidney disease | 0.273 (0.191) | 0.519** (0.193) | 0.0891 (0.206) |
Other conditions | 0.589*** (0.0951) | 0.387*** (0.0718) | 0.364*** (0.0831) |
ADL | 0.302* (0.121) | 0.370*** (0.0983) | 0.0610 (0.148) |
IADL | 0.381*** (0.0990) | 0.259** (0.0818) | −0.0479 (0.122) |
Suppl. health insurancef | 0.128 (0.0900) | −0.0232 (0.122) | 0.146 (0.0798) |