From: The out-of-pocket burden of chronic diseases: the cases of Belgian, Czech and German older adults
Variables | Belgium | Czech Republic | Germany |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
• female | 54.92 | 59.42 | 52.46 |
• male | 45.08 | 40.58 | 47.54 |
Age | |||
• 50–64 | 48.17 | 35.84 | 45.73 |
• 65–79 | 38.45 | 51.90 | 44.01 |
• 80 + | 13.38 | 12.25 | 10.26 |
Marital status | |||
• cohabitation | 66.82 | 63.80 | 73.98 |
• seperated | 14.09 | 14.05 | 9.87 |
• never married | 5.98 | 2.16 | 4.92 |
• widowed | 13.12 | 20.00 | 11.23 |
Education | |||
• none/primary | 37.60 | 38.32 | 11.54 |
• secondary | 27.36 | 47.82 | 57.15 |
• tertiary | 35.03 | 13.86 | 31.31 |
Income | |||
• 1st quartile | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
• 2nd quartile | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
• 3rd quartile | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
• 4th quartile | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
Heart attack | 9.34 | 12.65 | 10.31 |
High blood pressure | 34.01 | 52.29 | 42.41 |
High blood cholesterol | 30.36 | 25.35 | 18.20 |
Stroke | 3.38 | 4.23 | 3.51 |
Diabetes | 11.25 | 19.85 | 14.07 |
Lung disease | 7.06 | 7.60 | 8.01 |
Cancer | 5.05 | 4.74 | 6.10 |
Ulcer | 5.66 | 3.96 | 2.07 |
Parkinson | 0.72 | 1.04 | 0.86 |
Cataracts | 7.22 | 10.05 | 8.75 |
Alzheimer | 1.29 | 1.95 | 1.60 |
Emotional disorders | 8.08 | 5.14 | 7.71 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 6.63 | 10.66 | 11.95 |
Osteoarthritis | 32.16 | 28.61 | 21.61 |
Chronic kidney disease | 1.60 | 2.50 | 2.11 |
Other conditions | 16.74 | 18.60 | 18.59 |
ADL | 14.64 | 13.20 | 10.47 |
IADL | 21.25 | 20.48 | 14.00 |
Supplementary health insurance | 81.67 | 6.07 | 29.18 |
N | 5566 | 4726 | 4308 |