Table 1 Summary Statistics
From: Inpatient rehabilitation service utilization and outcomes under US ACA Medicaid expansion
Non-Expansion States | Expansion States | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 2016 | P value* | 2013 | 2016 | P value* | |
Stroke | ||||||
N | 1289 | 1303 | ~ | 3621 | 5406 | ~ |
Length of Stay (Days) | 18.82 (14.04) | 17.18 (13.00) | 0.002 | 17.05 (11.62) | 16.05 (10.78) | < 0.001 |
FIM Gain | 29.79 (15.82) | 32.12 (16.02) | < 0.001 | 28.77 (15.31) | 29.70 (15.38) | 0.005 |
LOS Efficiency | 2.07 (1.75) | 2.42 (2.18) | < 0.001 | 2.20 (1.81) | 2.35 (1.81) | < 0.001 |
Return to Community (=1) | 1012 (78.5%) | 1062 (81.5%) | 0.057 | 2667 (73.7%) | 4036 (74.6%) | 0.303 |
FIM Admission | 52.24 (19.13) | 53.87 (17.96) | 0.026 | 55.62 (18.90) | 57.10 (19.17) | < 0.001 |
Primary Payer (MCO = 1) | 315 (24.4%) | 661 (50.7%) | < 0.001 | 1646 (45.5%) | 3289 (60.8%) | < 0.001 |
Case-Mixed Groups - 101 N (%) | 38 (2.9%) | 44 (3.4%) | 0.636 | 144 (4.0%) | 282 (5.2%) | 0.002 |
CMG - 102 | 60 (4.7%) | 71 (5.4%) | 236 (6.5%) | 402 (7.4%) | ||
CMG - 103 | 18 (1.4%) | 26 (2.0%) | 64 (1.8%) | 104 (1.9%) | ||
CMG - 104 | 127 (9.9%) | 137 (10.5%) | 434 (12.0%) | 744 (13.8%) | ||
CMG - 105 | 135 (10.5%) | 127 (9.7%) | 401 (11.1%) | 558 (10.3%) | ||
CMG - 106 | 114 (8.8%) | 139 (10.7%) | 362 (10.0%) | 516 (9.5%) | ||
CMG - 107 | 113 (8.8%) | 108 (8.3%) | 345 (9.5%) | 461 (8.5%) | ||
CMG - 109 | 129 (10.0%) | 122 (9.4%) | 362 (10.0%) | 484 (8.9%) | ||
CMG - 110 | 533 (41.3%) | 511 (39.2%) | 1216 (33.6%) | 1742 (32.2%) | ||
CMG - 5001 | 22 (1.7%) | 18 (1.4%) | 57 (1.6%) | 112 (2.1%) | ||
Comorbidity Tier | ||||||
- None | 832 (64.5%) | 696 (53.4%) | < 0.001 | 2486 (68.7%) | 3138 (58.0%) | < 0.001 |
- Minor | 366 (28.4%) | 528 (40.5%) | 946 (26.1%) | 2012 (37.2%) | ||
- Moderate | 23 (1.8%) | 20 (1.5%) | 45 (1.2%) | 57 (1.1%) | ||
- Major | 68 (5.3%) | 59 (4.5%) | 144 (4.0%) | 203 (3.8%) | ||
Age (Years) | 51.89 (9.71) | 51.3 (9.91) | 0.127 | 51.85 (9.44) | 52.15 (9.4) | 0.142 |
Gender (Female = 1) | 667 (51.7%) | 629 (48.3%) | 0.077 | 1584 (43.7%) | 2351 (43.5%) | 0.81 |
Hispanic (=1) | 66 (5.1%) | 32 (2.5%) | < 0.001 | 580 (16.0%) | 747 (13.8%) | 0.004 |
Black (=1) | 615 (47.7%) | 508 (39.0%) | < 0.001 | 1087 (30.0%) | 1617 (29.9%) | 0.883 |
Marital Status | ||||||
- Married | 362 (28.1%) | 393 (30.2%) | 0.673 | 1086 (30.0%) | 1550 (28.7%) | < 0.001 |
- Never Married | 528 (41.0%) | 527 (40.4%) | 1607 (44.4%) | 2506 (46.3%) | ||
- Separated/Widowed | 347 (26.9%) | 332 (25.5%) | 823 (22.7%) | 1084 (20.0%) | ||
- Missing | 52 (4.0%) | 51 (3.9%) | 105 (2.9%) | 270 (5.0%) | ||
No. of Certified Beds | 62.56 (40.76) | 59.61 (42.46) | 0.071 | 56.39 (47.64) | 54.47 (40.56) | 0.050 |
Facility type | ||||||
- Freestanding | 540 (41.9%) | / | < 0.001 | 1169 (32.3%) | / | < 0.001 |
- In-Unit | 749 (58.1%) | / | 2452 (67.7%) | / | ||
- Missing | / | 1303 (100.0%) | / | 5410 (100.0%) | ||
Fracture | ||||||
N | 254 | 244 | ~ | 340 | 432 | ~ |
Length of Stay (Days) | 11.59 (6.18) | 11.24 (4.99) | 0.441 | 11.27 (5.04) | 11.22 (6.65) | 0.900 |
FIM Gain | 28.76 (13.28) | 32.84 (13.83) | 0.001 | 30.67 (12.94) | 31.98 (13.43) | 0.172 |
FIM Gain per day | 2.91 (1.91) | 3.27 (1.89) | 0.037 | 3.15 (1.79) | 3.32 (1.85) | 0.189 |
Return to Community (=1) | 222 (87.4%) | 225 (91.5%) | 0.149 | 286 (84.1%) | 380 (87.8%) | 0.149 |
FIM Admission | 62.21 (15.57) | 64.12 (13.57) | 0.159 | 67.90 (14.27) | 66.98 (13.66) | 0.342 |
Primary Payer (MCO = 1) | 76 (29.9%) | 119 (48.4%) | < 0.001 | 165 (48.5%) | 272 (62.8%) | < 0.001 |
Case-Mixed Groups - 701 N (%) | 21 (8.3%) | 20 (8.1%) | 0.219 | 39 (11.5%) | 43 (9.9%) | 0.918 |
CMG - 702 | 44 (17.3%) | 56 (22.8%) | 89 (26.2%) | 120 (27.7%) | ||
CMG - 703 | 54 (21.3%) | 63 (25.6%) | 76 (22.4%) | 100 (23.1%) | ||
CMG - 704 | 128 (50.4%) | 99 (40.2%) | 130 (38.2%) | 160 (37.0%) | ||
CMG - 5001 | 7 (2.8%) | 7 (2.8%) | 6 (1.8%) | 10 (2.3%) | ||
CMG - 5101 | / | 1 (0.4%) | / | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Comorbidity Tier | ||||||
- None | 154 (60.6%) | 146 (59.3%) | 0.081 | 232 (68.2%) | 275 (63.5%) | 0.421 |
- Minor | 78 (30.7%) | 91 (37.0%) | 82 (24.1%) | 115 (26.6%) | ||
- Moderate | 14 (5.5%) | 5 (2.0%) | 13 (3.8%) | 26 (6.0%) | ||
- Major | 8 (3.1%) | 4 (1.6%) | 13 (3.8%) | 17 (3.9%) | ||
Age (Years) | 52.52 (11.53) | 51.19 (12.36) | 0.218 | 51.84 (11.79) | 48.29 (13.56) | < 0.001 |
Gender (Female = 1) | 156 (61.4%) | 155 (63.5%) | 0.627 | 197 (57.9%) | 205 (47.5%) | 0.004 |
Hispanic (=1) | 16 (6.3%) | 12 (4.9%) | 0.504 | 31 (9.1%) | 40 (9.2%) | 0.946 |
Black (=1) | 64 (25.2%) | 50 (20.3%) | 0.212 | 65 (19.1%) | 81 (18.7%) | 0.897 |
Marital Status | ||||||
- Married | 56 (22.0%) | 49 (19.9%) | 0.832 | 65 (19.1%) | 84 (19.4%) | 0.015 |
- Never Married | 109 (42.9%) | 108 (43.9%) | 166 (48.8%) | 247 (57.0%) | ||
- Separated/Widowed | 77 (30.3%) | 80 (32.5%) | 91 (26.8%) | 92 (21.2%) | ||
- Missing | 12 (4.7%) | 9 (3.7%) | 18 (5.3%) | 10 (2.3%) | ||
No. of Certified Beds | 52.61 (32.16) | 56.39 (39.46) | 0.257 | 47.84 (37.19) | 52.75 (35.19) | 0.057 |
Facility type | ||||||
- Freestanding | 95 (37.4%) | / | < 0.001 | 103 (30.3%) | / | < 0.001 |
- In-Unit | 159 (62.6%) | / | 237 (69.7%) | / | ||
- Missing | / | 246 (100.0%) | / | 433 (100.0%) | ||
Joint Replacement | ||||||
N | 418 | 275 | ~ | 709 | 626 | ~ |
Length of Stay (Days) | 9.03 (3.88) | 9.05 (3.62) | 0.95 | 9.52 (4.61) | 9.00 (3.90) | 0.025 |
FIM Gain | 31.31 (12.39) | 34.13 (13.45) | 0.005 | 31.80 (11.74) | 30.52 (12.16) | 0.056 |
FIM Gain per day | 3.85 (1.86) | 4.14 (2.00) | 0.048 | 3.77 (1.66) | 3.66 (1.63) | 0.252 |
Return to Community (=1) | 402 (96.2%) | 258 (93.8%) | 0.155 | 663 (93.4%) | 578 (92.3%) | 0.461 |
FIM Admission | 71.60 (13.06) | 70.46 (12.91) | 0.262 | 72.93 (12.90) | 75.33 (11.45) | < 0.001 |
Primary Payer (MCO = 1) | 159 (38.0%) | 154 (56.0%) | < 0.001 | 456 (64.2%) | 491 (78.4%) | < 0.001 |
Case-Mixed Groups - 801 N (%) | 10 (2.4%) | 9 (3.3%) | 0.925 | 28 (3.9%) | 39 (6.2%) | 0.048 |
CMG - 802 | 139 (33.3%) | 87 (31.6%) | 233 (32.8%) | 238 (38.0%) | ||
CMG - 804 | 134 (32.1%) | 87 (31.6%) | 252 (35.5%) | 214 (34.2%) | ||
CMG - 805 | 74 (17.7%) | 53 (19.3%) | 118 (16.6%) | 78 (12.5%) | ||
CMG - 806 | 48 (11.5%) | 33 (12.0%) | 63 (8.9%) | 43 (6.9%) | ||
CMG - 5001 | 13 (3.1%) | 6 (2.2%) | 16 (2.3%) | 13 (2.1%) | ||
CMG - 5101 | / | 0 (0.0%) | / | 1 (0.2%) | ||
Comorbidity Tier | ||||||
- None | 268 (64.1) | 144 (52.4%) | 0.011 | 476 (67.0%) | 368 (58.8%) | 0.004 |
- Minor | 145 (34.7%) | 125 (45.5%) | 224 (31.5%) | 247 (39.5%) | ||
- Moderate | 4 (1.0%) | 6 (2.2%) | 7 (1.0%) | 11 (1.8%) | ||
- Major | 1 (0.2%) | / | 3 (0.4%) | / | ||
Age (Years) | 53.75 (8.48) | 54.63 (8.33) | 0.183 | 53.88 (7.72) | 54.67 (7.45) | 0.062 |
Gender (Female = 1) | 293 (70.1%) | 193 (70.2%) | 0.981 | 496 (70.0%) | 384 (61.3%) | < 0.001 |
Hispanic (=1) | 85 (20.3%) | 15 (5.5%) | < 0.001 | 73 (10.3%) | 77 (12.3%) | 0.247 |
Black (=1) | 149 (35.6%) | 88 (32.0%) | 0.322 | 224 (31.5%) | 197 (31.5%) | 0.961 |
Marital Status | ||||||
- Married | 111 (26.6%) | 50 (18.2%) | 0.023 | 177 (24.9%) | 162 (25.9%) | 0.924 |
- Never Married | 142 (34.0%) | 120 (43.6%) | 319 (44.9%) | 280 (44.7%) | ||
- Separated/Widowed | 156 (37.3%) | 101 (36.7%) | 191 (26.9%) | 161 (25.7%) | ||
- Missing | 9 (2.2%) | 4 (1.5%) | 23 (3.2%) | 23 (3.7%) | ||
No. of Certified Beds | 60.72 (33.02) | 64.55 (42.83) | 0.21 | 45.98 (38.68) | 51.82 (35.57) | 0.004 |
Facility type | ||||||
- Freestanding | 128 (30.6%) | / | < 0.001 | 180 (25.4%) | / | < 0.001 |
- In-Unit | 290 (69.4%) | / | 530 (74.6%) | / | ||
- Missing | / | 275 (100.0%) | / | 626 (100.0%) | ||