Table 2 Factor loadings, mean, standard deviation, and standard error of the mean for each survey item (α = Cronbach’s alpha, KMO = Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, M = mean, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error)

Health consciousness

α = .757

KMO = .773

Variance explained = 61.53%

I do everything I can to stay healthy.

Living life in best possible health is important to me.

.803

3.96

.892

.037

I actively try to prevent diseases and illnesses.

.699

3.89

.912

.038

Eating right, exercising, and taking preventive measures will keep me healthy for life.

.634

4.03

.875

.036

My health depends on how well I take care of myself.

Problem recognition

α = .881

KMO = .804

Variance explained = 73.76%

I think not having private health insurance is a problem.

.839

3.13

1.172

.049

I am concerned about those who do not have private health insurance.

.848

2.86

1.182

.049

Something needs to be done to encourage Australians to purchase private health insurance.

.783

3.23

1.152

.048

I recognise the importance of having private health insurance.

.752

3.45

1.167

.048

Constraint recognition

α = .743

KMO = .782

Variance explained = 63.31%

I feel capable of protecting myself by having private health insurance.

There are no barriers stopping me from having private health insurance.

.682

2.93

1.29

.054

I feel confident about choosing the right private health insurance plan for myself.

.846

3.17

1.17

.048

It is easy to purchase private health insurance.

.705

3.25

1.15

.048

Involvement recognition

α = .910

KMO = .803

Variance explained = 78.75%

Not having private health insurance can affect me personally.

.803

3.29

1.145

.047

Not having private health insurance can have consequences for me and those I care about.

.799

3.32

1.147

.048

Not having private health insurance can threaten my health.

.904

2.98

1.193

.049

My health can be affected if I do not have private health insurance.

.871

2.94

1.211

.050

Past Experiences

α =. 871

KMO = .768

Variance explained = 72.09%

My health can be affected if I do not have private health insurance.

.853

2.46

1.314

.054

Not having private health insurance has caused me problems in the past.

.816

2.58

1.288

.053

I have dealt with problems caused by not having private health insurance in the past.

.782

2.83

1.299

.054

My past experiences have taught me the importance of private health insurance.

.712

2.73

1.290

.053

Trust

α = .931

KMO = .904

Variance explained = 74.4%

Insurance companies treat their customers fairly and justly.

.931

3.04

1.05

.043

Whenever insurance companies make important decisions, they are concerned about their customers.

.884

2.86

1.12

.046

Insurance companies can be relied on to keep their promises for customers.

.886

2.93

1.109

.046

Insurance companies take the opinions of their customers into account when making decisions.

.857

2.97

1.122

.046

Insurance companies have the ability to accomplish when they say they will do for their customers.

.687

3.21

1.045

.043

Insurance companies will do what they say they will do for their customers.

.841

2.99

1.045

.043

Attitude

α = .817

KMO = .693

Variance explained = 73.43%

It is good to have private health insurance.

.709

3.74

1.015

.042

It is dangerous not to have private health insurance.

.724

2.98

1.181

.049

It is worth spending money on private health insurance.

.898

3.26

1.139

.047

It is worth ensuring that private health insurance has adequate coverage.