Table 4 Indicators extracted from interviews to measure the quality of pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provided to Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs)

Structural indicators

1. Rural emergency stations coverage rate

2. The ratio of manpower who have an academic degree in emergency medicine

3. Number of standard pre-hospital emergency stations in terms of safety

4. Number of pre-hospital emergency stations that have standard ambulance nest

Performance indicators

1. Number of consultations by the nurse

2. The number of consultations referred to the physician

3. The dispute between pre-hospital emergency personnel and hospital emergency personnel

4. Number of cases of change/return from the hospital

Management indicators

1. Evaluation of stations’ personnel performance

2. Assessment of staff satisfaction

3. The ratio of the personnel number to the missions number