Table 3 List of indicators extracted using literature review to measure the quality of pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provided to Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs)

Structural indicators

1. Road Emergency Stations coverage rate

2. Urban Emergency Stations coverage rate

3. Motorcycle ambulance coverage rate

4. Ambulance bus coverage rate

5. Number of backup ambulances

6. The ratio of active ambulances to the total number of ambulances

7. Active manpower

8. Status of pre-hospital emergency stations’ building

9. Independence of pre-hospital emergency stations building

10. The ownership of the pre-hospital emergency stations building

11. Number of standard pre-hospital emergency stations in terms of building size

Performance indicators

1. The average time between an emergency call up to notification to operations dispatch and guidance unit

2. The average time between receiving a mission by 800 to notify the stations

3. The average time between the notification of mission to stations up to the ambulance dispatch

4. Average Scene Time (the time is spent on the accident scene)

5. The average time between the moment the ambulance move from the accident scene up to arrive at the hospital in urban missions (Transport time)

6. The average time between the moment the ambulance move from the accident scene up to the arrive at the hospital in road missions (Transport time)

7. Duration of ambulance stop in hospital (Hospital time)

8. Per capita missions performed for each active urban ambulance

9. Coverage rate of the rural emergency stations

10. Helicopter coverage rate

11. Patient satisfaction

12. Successful CPR rate

13. Death rate during transfer

Management indicators

1. Management visits from pre-hospital emergency stations

2. Training courses in the field of trauma care

3. The average distance between pre-hospital emergency centers (kilometers)

4. Average Distance between Pre-hospital Emergency Centers to Red Crescent Emergency Centers (kilometers)