Benchmarking outcomes on multiple contextual levels in lean healthcare: a systematic review, development of a conceptual framework, and a research agenda

Table 3 Classification of the articles included in the systematic review using the proposed conceptual framework

Context level	Article	Patients		Employed and affiliated staff	Costs	Service provision
Context level	Article	Clinical outcome	Experience	Employed and affiliated staff	Costs	Access	Processes	Continuous improvement	Strategic perspective
Intra-organizational	Abdelhadi A[43]						X
	Abdelhadi A, Shakoor M[44]						X
	New S et al .[60]	X
	Raab SS et al .[47]						X
	Robertson E et al .[61]	X
	Venkateswaran S et al .[48]						X
Regional	Culig MH et al .[49]	X					X
	Ieraci S et al .[62]					X
	Kielar AZ et al .[45]					X
	Vermeulen MJ et al .[50]	X				X	X
National	Ahmed S et al .[51]			X
	Allaudeen N et al .[63]						X
	Boronat F et al .[52]	X					X
	Dickson EW et al .[53]		X				X
	Holden RJ et al .[54]			X
	Lee JY et al .[55]	X			X		X
	Pluimers DJ et al .[46]						X
	Poksinska BB et al .[56]		X
	Shortell et al .[31]	X		X			X	X	X
	Simons P et al .[57]					X
International	van Lent WAM et al .[58]						X
International	Van Vliet EJ et al .[59]				X	X	X

ISSN: 1472-6963