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TABLE 3 USE OF RESOURCES AND MEAN COSTS (IN €) PER CHILD

From: Cost of childhood acute otitis media in primary care in the Netherlands: economic analysis alongside a cluster randomised controlled trial

Resources

Mean costs

no. used

(n, %)

costs, in €

(mean ± SD)

costs, in $

(mean ± SD)

 

GP consultation, initial visit

224 (100.0)

33.76 ± 0.00

38.11 ± 0.00

 

GP consultation, follow-up visit

74 (33.1)

16.04 ± 1.77

18.10 ± 2.00

 

GP home visit

0 (0)

0.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

 

GP telephone

40 (17.9)

3.51 ± 0.53

3.96 ± 0.60

 

OPD visit

7 (3.1)

3.30 ± 1.41

3.72 ± 1.59

 

ED visit

1 (0.0)

1.19 ± 1.19

1.34 ± 1.34

 

Admission

1 (0.0)

10.16 ± 10.16

11.47 ± 11.47

 

Pharmacist fee

102 (45.7)

6.55 ± 0.53

7.39 ± 0.60

 

Prescription medication

 

Antibiotics

  Amoxicillin

80 (35.9)

1.86 ± 0.19

2.10 ± 0.21

 

  Amoxicillin-clavulanate

6 (2.7)

0.14 ± 0.06

0.16 ± 0.07

 

  Azitromycin

6 (2.7)

0.14 ± 0.06

0.16 ± 0.07

 

  Cotrimoxazole

2 (0.01)

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.02

 

  Clarithromycin

1 (0.0)

0.04 ± 0.04

0.05 ± 0.05

 

Ear drops

 

  Otalgan®

10 (4.5)

0.49 ± 0.15

0.55 ± 0.17

 

  Sofradex®

3 (1.3)

0.24 ± 0.14

0.27 ± 0.16

 

  Ofloxacin

1 (0.0)

0.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

 

  Bacicoline B drops

2 (0.01)

0.13 ± 0.09

0.15 ± 0.10

 

Total healthcare costs

 

77.60 ± 160.89

87.59 ± 181.60

 

Patient and family costs

 Travel expenses

  Fuel costs

9 (4.0)

0.09 ± 0.04

0.10 ± 0.05

 

  Parking costs

9 (4.0)

0.21 ± 0.09

0.24 ± 0.10

 

 Over-the-counter medication

 

  Paracetamol

191 (85.7)

2.55 ± 3.10

2.88 ± 3.50

*

  Ibuprofen

79 (35.4)

0.62 ± 1.34

0.70 ± 1.51

*

  Xylometazoline nasal spray

29 (13.0)

0.87 ± 2.77

0.98 ± 3.13

*

  Otrivin® nasal spray

17 (7.6)

0.35 ± 1.22

0.40 ± 1.38

*

  Sodium chloride nasal spray

44 (19.7)

0.62 ± 1.30

0.70 ± 1.47

*

  Complementary medicine

33 (14.8)

3.38 ± 12.28

3.82 ± 13.86

*

  Cough syrup

9 (4.0)

1.21 ± 7.97

1.37 ± 9.00

*

 Childcare costs

27 (12.1)

3.17 ± 18.45

3.58 ± 20.82

*

Total patient and family costs

 

13.07 ± 23.58

14.75 ± 26.62

 

Productivity loss

 Father

79 (35.4)

   

  Absenteeism

 

106.13 ± 354.05

119.79 ± 399.62

*

  Presenteeism

 

41.90 ± 180.97

47.29 ± 204.26

*

  Unpaid work

 

38.06 ± 173.75

42.96 ± 196.12

*

  Total

 

186.09 ± 529.31

210.04 ± 597.44

*

 Mother

126 (56.5)

   

  Absenteeism

 

139.74 ± 637.66

157.73 ± 719.74

*

  Presenteeism

 

52.50 ± 217.53

59.26 ± 245.53

*

  Unpaid work

 

96.92 ± 256.35

109.40 ± 289.35

*

  Total

 

289.16 ± 786.73

326.38 ± 888.00

*

Total productivity losses

 

475.26 ± 1045.94

536.44 ± 1180.57

 

Total

Total healthcare costs

 

77.60 ± 160.89

87.59 ± 181.60

 

Total patient costs

 

13.07 ± 23.58

14.75 ± 26.62

 

Total productivity losses

 

475.26 ± 1045.94

536.44 ± 1180.57

 

Total costs

 

565.93 ± 1071.01

638.78 ± 1208.87

 
  1. ED: emergency department; GP: general practitioner, OPD: out-patient department, SD: standard deviation
  2. one admission for mastoiditis (duration: 5 days)
  3. Per child, calculated as productivity losses of mother and/or father combined
  4. *missing values were imputed