Table 2 Presence of comorbidity and the association with burden and readmission outcomes (Victoria, age 15 years and over)

Comorbidity

n (%)

Index LOS (mean, 95% CI)

Adjusted OR^a,b (95% CI)

IRR^c,d (95% CI)

Cost^e (mean, 95% CI)

Adjusted beta coefficient^a (95% CI)

HIV/AIDS

54 (0.0)

11.1 (5.0–17.1)

1.05 (0.53–2.11)

1.11 (0.85–1.44)

13,064.9 (6672.5–19,457.4)

0.40 (0.12–0.68)

Alcohol dependence

6425 (4.6)

7.1 (6.6–7.6)

1.38 (1.29–1.48)

1.17 (1.14–1.20)

8927.3 (8464.9–9389.7)

0.20 (0.17–0.23)

Drug dependence

1496 (1.1)

8.1 (7.0–9.2)

2.34 (2.01–2.72)

1.56 (1.49–1.64)

11,228.8 (10,195.1–12,262.4)

0.47 (0.41–0.52)

Any malignancy

706 (0.5)

21.2 (19.5–22.8)

6.15 (3.09–12.22)

1.56 (1.40–1.73)

23,110.8 (21,132.8–25,088.8)

0.65 (0.52–0.78)

Blood loss anemia

170 (0.1)

24.7 (21.0–28.5)

5.56 (1.71–18.08)

1.40 (1.20–1.63)

29,192.2 (24,390.9–33,993.4)

0.61 (0.44–0.77)

Cardiac arrhythmias

3775 (2.7)

19.0 (18.2–19.8)

2.44 (2.14–2.79)

1.32 (1.28–1.36)

20,572.8 (19,549.5–21,596.0)

0.48 (0.44–0.51)

Cerebrovascular disease

602 (0.4)

24.2 (21.0–27.5)

1.74 (1.08–2.79)

1.18 (1.08–1.29)

23,691.7 (21,388.4–25,995.0)

0.19 (0.08–0.30)

Chronic pulmonary disease

1302 (0.9)

22.8 (21.3–24.2)

6.24 (4.22–9.22)

1.46 (1.38–1.54)

26,770.7 (24,643.6–28,897.8)

0.57 (0.51–0.64)

Coagulopathy

1133 (0.8)

18.9 (17.1–20.8)

3.73 (2.79–4.98)

1.43 (1.35–1.51)

22,255.5 (19,748.4–24,762.6)

0.49 (0.43–0.56)

Congestive heart failure

1257 (0.9)

24.8 (23.5–26.2)

6.84 (4.14–11.30)

1.27 (1.20–1.34)

26,944.0 (25,240.2–28,647.9)

0.38 (0.31–0.44)

Deficiency anemias

578 (0.4)

24.1 (21.9–26.2)

8.56 (4.65–15.75)

1.62 (1.50–1.76)

22,380.0 (20,429.5–24,330.5)

0.66 (0.56–0.75)

Dementia

2889 (2.1)

16.2 (15.5–16.9)

1.99 (1.70–2.34)

1.05 (1.02–1.09)

16,671.0 (15,968.2–17,373.8)

0.16 (0.11–0.20)

Depression

2966 (2.1)

9.2 (8.6–9.9)

3.25 (2.89–3.65)

1.93 (1.86–2.01)

10,987.7 (10,125.5–11,849.9)

0.63 (0.59–0.67)

Diabetes with chronic complications

4243 (3.0)

18.6 (17.9–19.4)

1.42 (1.26–1.60)

1.27 (1.23–1.31)

19,104.6 (18,238.8–19,970.5)

0.26 (0.22–0.30)

Diabetes without complications

8969 (6.4)

12.0 (11.5–12.4)

1.20 (1.13–1.28)

1.12 (1.09–1.14)

12,223.6 (11,710.2–12,737.0)

0.10 (0.07–0.12)

Hemiplegia/paraplegia

538 (0.4)

25.7 (22.3–29.1)

4.14 (2.51–6.83)

1.61 (1.47–1.78)

25,975.1 (22,961.5–28,988.6)

0.60 (0.49–0.71)

Hypertension complicated

54 (0.0)

25.4 (17.6–33.1)

O

1.41 (1.09–1.82)

28,041.4 (20,243.3–35,839.6)

0.48 (0.20–0.76)

Hypertension uncomplicated

4510 (3.2)

21.5 (20.7–22.2)

2.45 (2.11–2.84)

1.26 (1.22–1.30)

22,582.5 (21,702.8–23,462.3)

0.41 (0.37–0.45)

Hypothyroidism

152 (0.1)

21.3 (17.3–25.3)

21.00 (2.89–152.81)

1.72 (1.48–1.99)

22,116.8 (17,862.1–26,371.5)

0.56 (0.38–0.74)

Metastatic solid tumor

380 (0.3)

20.4 (18.3–22.5)

1.39 (0.54–3.57)

1.32 (1.15–1.52)

22,163.4 (19,616.7–24,710.1)

0.16 (−0.02–0.33)

Mild liver disease

1167 (0.8)

10.5 (9.4–11.7)

1.63 (1.37–1.93)

1.27 (1.20–1.34)

13,166.4 (11,933.4–14,399.4)

0.31 (0.25–0.38)

Moderate or severe liver disease

116 (0.1)

20.2 (15.1–25.3)

20.59 (2.83–149.95)

1.83 (1.54–2.19)

25,608.6 (19,508.8–31,708.4)

0.81 (0.60–1.01)

Myocardial infarction

248 (0.2)

23.9 (21.0–26.8)

2.78 (1.11–6.96)

0.96 (0.85–1.09)

27,805.7 (24,266.1–31,345.4)

0.24 (0.10–0.38)

Obesity

229 (0.2)

27.9 (22.6–33.2)

4.39 (2.26–8.54)

2.10 (1.85–2.39)

29,539.4 (23,323.0–35,755.7)

0.80 (0.65–0.95)

Peptic ulcer disease

84 (0.1)

20.3 (14.4–26.2)

1.96 (0.90–4.29)

1.55 (1.25–1.92)

23,885.5 (15,681.1–32,089.8)

0.66 (0.40–0.91)

Peripheral vascular disease

702 (0.5)

17.2 (15.4–19.1)

3.10 (2.34–4.11)

1.88 (1.76–2.02)

19,444.2 (17,341.6–21,546.9)

0.75 (0.66–0.83)

Psychoses

568 (0.4)

20.2 (17.2–23.1)

5.54 (3.96–7.74)

3.14 (2.91–3.39)

22,213.8 (19,103.3–25,324.3)

1.04 (0.95–1.13)

Pulmonary circulation disorders

133 (0.1)

33.6 (28.0–39.2)

9.06 (1.24–66.43)

1.81 (1.52–2.16)

39,206.1 (30,612.7–47,799.5)

0.79 (0.58–0.99)

Renal disease including renal failure

3402 (2.4)

22.3 (21.5–23.2)

1.54 (1.29–1.84)

1.16 (1.11–1.20)

22,865.3 (21,879.6–23,851.0)

0.20 (0.15–0.24)

Rheumatic disease including some other connective tissue disorders

177 (0.1)

25.4 (21.7–29.1)

31.75 (4.41–228.88)

1.93 (1.66–2.23)

27,277.3 (22,034.9–32,519.7)

0.84 (0.66–1.02)

Valvular disease

326 (0.2)

27.9 (24.8–31.0)

5.23 (2.27–12.02)

1.36 (1.22–1.52)

28,473.9 (24,958.1–31,989.7)

0.41 (0.28–0.55)

Comorbidity

n (%)

beta coefficient^a (95% CI)

Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)

% with condition that had the outcome

Adjusted OR^a

(95% CI)

HIV/AIDS

53 (0.0)

1.50 (0.76–2.95)

20.8

2.57 (1.31–5.06)

Alcohol dependence

6119 (4.5)

1.22 (1.13–1.31)

11.4

1.34 (1.23–1.46)

Drug dependence

1350 (1.0)

1.27 (1.09–1.48)

12.9

1.45 (1.23–1.72)

Any malignancy

561 (0.4)

3.45 (2.71–4.40)

20.7

1.64 (1.21–2.23)

Blood loss anemia

159 (0.1)

1.20 (0.81–1.77)

14.5

1.09 (0.69–1.72)

Cardiac arrhythmias

3480 (2.5)

1.06 (0.97–1.16)

13.4

1.10 (0.99–1.22)

Cerebrovascular disease

545 (0.4)

1.08 (0.83–1.40)

14.3

1.08 (0.81–1.45)

Chronic pulmonary disease

1176 (0.9)

1.40 (1.21–1.61)

18.2

1.60 (1.37–1.86)

Coagulopathy

1032 (0.8)

1.43 (1.23–1.66)

18.1

1.53 (1.30–1.81)

Congestive heart failure

1048 (0.8)

1.20 (1.03–1.40)

19.3

1.34 (1.14–1.58)

Deficiency anemias

550 (0.4)

1.28 (1.05–1.58)

18.7

1.42 (1.13–1.77)

Dementia

2663 (1.9)

0.89 (0.79–0.99)

13.3

1.12 (1.00–1.26)

Depression

2877 (2.1)

1.36 (1.23–1.52)

11.8

1.14 (1.01–1.30)

Diabetes with chronic complications

3978 (2.9)

1.24 (1.13–1.35)

16.9

1.29 (1.16–1.43)

Diabetes without complications

8655 (6.3)

1.18 (1.11–1.25)

12.1

1.21 (1.13–1.30)

Hemiplegia/paraplegia

494 (0.4)

1.17 (0.89–1.54)

13.8

1.20 (0.88–1.63)

Hypertension complicated

42 (0.0)

1.89 (1.01–3.55)

21.4

1.30 (0.61–2.76)

Hypertension uncomplicated

4165 (3.0)

1.05 (0.96–1.15)

16.0

1.13 (1.02–1.25)

Hypothyroidism

148 (0.1)

0.93 (0.61–1.44)

14.9

1.15 (0.73–1.83)

Metastatic solid tumor

287 (0.2)

1.37 (0.98–1.92)

22.6

1.50 (0.99–2.26)

Mild liver disease

1055 (0.8)

1.65 (1.41–1.93)

17.3

1.84 (1.55–2.18)

Moderate or severe liver disease

90 (0.1)

1.45 (0.90–2.32)

23.3

1.41 (0.84–2.36)

Myocardial infarction

197 (0.1)

1.08 (0.76–1.53)

18.3

1.21 (0.83–1.76)

Obesity

219 (0.2)

1.34 (0.95–1.89)

16.4

1.59 (1.10–2.31)

Peptic ulcer disease

70 (0.1)

0.96 (0.51–1.82)

7.1

0.54 (0.21–1.36)

Peripheral vascular disease

673 (0.5)

1.37 (1.12–1.67)

12.9

1.30 (1.03–1.64)

Psychoses

536 (0.4)

1.64 (1.33–2.03)

15.1

1.56 (1.22–1.99)

Pulmonary circulation disorders

120 (0.1)

0.94 (0.59–1.49)

15.0

0.89 (0.53–1.51)

Renal disease including renal failure

3042 (2.2)

1.92 (1.73–2.12)

20.2

1.56 (1.39–1.76)

Rheumatic disease including some other connective tissue disorders

168 (0.1)

1.39 (0.95–2.02)

15.5

1.46 (0.95–2.24)

Valvular disease

290 (0.2)

1.03 (0.76–1.39)

14.5

1.08 (0.77–1.51)