Skip to main content

Table 4 Predictors of annual direct medical costs for patients with ischaemic and hypertensive heart diseases attending two major hospitals in Cameroon, 2013–2017

From: Estimation and determinants of direct medical costs of ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertensive heart disease: evidence from two major hospitals in Cameroon

Ischaemic heart disease

Variable

Univariate models

β (95% CI)

Model 1

β (95% CI)

Model 2

β (95% CI)

Age, per year increase

− 0.014 (− 0.032, 0.003)

− 0.012 (− 0.030, 0.005)

− 0.006 (− 0.017, 0.006)

Sex (Reference: Female)

Male

0.313 (− 0.054, 0.681)

0.269 (− 0.102, 0.640)

0.025 (− 0.247, 0.297)

History of hypertension (Reference: No)

Yes

0.319 (0.077, 0.716)*

0.352 (0.041, 0.746)*

0.070 (− 0.238, 0.378)

History of diabetes (Reference: No)

Yes

0.223 (−0.246, 0.691)

0.370 (− 0.096, 0.836)

0.435 (0.098, 0.772)*

History of atrial fibrillation (Reference: No)

Yes

−1.465 (−2.698, − 0.232)*

− 1.489 (− 2.716, − 0.263)*

−0.485 (− 1.361, 0.390)

History of CVD event (Reference: No)

Yes

−0.611 (− 0.973, − 0.249)**

−0.630 (− 0.993, − 0.268)**

− 0.429 (− 0.705, − 0.153)**

Intercept

  

14.841 (14.125, 15.557)***

Hypertensive heart disease

Variable

Univariate models

β (95% CI)

Model 1

β (95% CI)

Model 2

β (95% CI)

Age, per year increase

−0.001 (− 0.007, 0.005)

− 0.001 (− 0.008, 0.005)

−0.003 (− 0.007, 0.002)

Sex (Reference: Female)

Male

−0.047 (− 0.219, 0.126)

−0.051 (− 0.224, 0.123)

−0.012 (− 0.128, 0.105)

History of diabetes (Reference: No)

Yes

0.387 (0.174, 0.600)***

0.389 (0.176, 0.603)***

0.229 (0.080, 0.378)**

History of atrial fibrillation (Reference: No)

Yes

0.328 (0.040, 0.617)*

0.377 (0.075, 0.679)*

0.020 (− 0.191, 0.231)

History of CVD event (Reference: No)

Yes

−0.175 (− 0.348, − 0.002)*

−0.173 (− 0.348, 0.001)

−0.081 (− 0.200, 0.037)

Intercept

  

12.318 (12.017, 12.619)***

  1. Parameter estimates from Generalized Linear models with gamma distribution and Log-link function. Model 1: Univariate models + adjusted for age and sex, Model 2: Multivariate model adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation & previous CVD event and hospital attended. * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, ** < 0.001