Table 2 Simple descriptive statistics of the sample
Variables | Frequency | Percentage (N = 408) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
 Gender | Male | 156 | 38.20% |
Female | 252 | 61.80% | |
 Age | 60–64 | 50 | 12.30% |
65–69 | 62 | 15.20% | |
70–74 | 98 | 24.00% | |
75–79 | 88 | 21.60% | |
80 and above | 110 | 27.00% | |
 Educational level | Illiteracy | 124 | 30.40% |
Primary school | 108 | 26.50% | |
Middle school | 104 | 25.50% | |
Technical secondary school or High school | 56 | 13.70% | |
Junior College | 10 | 2.50% | |
Undergraduate or above | 4 | 1.00% | |
 Health status | Very good | 116 | 28.40% |
General | 204 | 50.00% | |
Bad | 88 | 21.60% | |
 Whether suffering from chronic diseases | No | 88 | 21.60% |
Yes | 320 | 78.40% | |
 Self-care ability | Fully self-care | 290 | 71.10% |
Partial self-care | 90 | 22.10% | |
Without self-care ability | 28 | 6.90% | |
 Career before retirement | Daily laborer | 182 | 44.60% |
Civil servant | 2 | 0.50% | |
Public institution employee | 28 | 6.90% | |
State-owned company employee | 88 | 21.60% | |
Private company employee | 52 | 12.70% | |
Merchant | 34 | 8.30% | |
Other | 22 | 5.40% | |
Family structure | |||
 Living status | Living alone | 68 | 16.70% |
With spouse | 198 | 48.50% | |
With children | 104 | 25.50% | |
With grandchildren | 8 | 2.00% | |
Three generations living together | 30 | 7.40% | |
Economic characteristics | |||
 Monthly income | < 1000 RMB | 146 | 35.80% |
1000–1500 RMB | 60 | 14.70% | |
1500–2000 RMB | 40 | 9.80% | |
2000–2500 RMB | 40 | 9.80% | |
>  2500 RMB | 122 | 29.90% | |
 Income source | Pension and endowment insurance | 238 | 58.30% |
Money from children or relatives | 96 | 23.50% | |
Personal labor income | 12 | 2.90% | |
Government aid | 42 | 10.30% | |
Other | 20 | 4.90% | |
 Source of medical expenses | Self-pay | 102 | 25.00% |
Medical insurance | 226 | 55.40% | |
Children aid | 76 | 18.60% | |
Other | 4 | 1.00% | |
Elderly care intention | |||
 Elderly care intention | Private homes | 108 | 72.10% |
Long-term care institutions | 6 | 1.50% | |
Community-based care facilities | 294 | 26.50% | |